Built in datums

Tip

Unless you are trying to work with a coordinate reference system that doesn’t exist in the built-in set, you don’t need to worry about these, the correct one will be instantiated for you.

AIOC 1995

Type: Vertical
Extent: Azerbaijan - Caspian offshore and onshore Sangachal terminal.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AIOC_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5133')

Average level of Caspian Sea at the Oil Rocks tide gauge June-September 1995.

AIOC 1995 datum is 1.7m above Caspian datum and 26.3m below Baltic datum.

AbInvA96_2020 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the A96 highway from Aberdeen to Inverness.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ABINVA96_2020_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1273')

Defined through the application of the AbInvA96_2000 NTv2 transformation (code 9386) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2020 to support intermediate CRS “AbInvA96_2020-IRF” in the emulation of the AbInvA96_2020 Snake map projection.

Abidjan 1987

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ABIDJAN_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6143')

Fundamental point: Abidjan I. Latitude: 5°18’51.01”N, longitude: 4°02’06.04”W (of Greenwich).

Accra

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ghana - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ACCRA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6168')

Fundamental point: GCS Station 547. Latitude: 5°23’43.3”N, longitude: 0°11’52.3”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced in 1978 by Leigon datum (code 6250).

Aden 1925

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Yemen - South Yemen onshore mainland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ADEN_1925)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1135')

Adindan

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Eritrea; Ethiopia; South Sudan; Sudan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ADINDAN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6201')

Fundamental point: Station 15; Adindan. Latitude: 22°10’07.110”N, longitude: 31°29’21.608”E (of Greenwich).

The 12th parallel traverse of 1966-70 (Point 58 datum, code 6620) is connected to the Blue Nile 1958 network in western Sudan. This has given rise to misconceptions that the Blue Nile network is used in west Africa.

Afgooye

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Somalia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AFGOOYE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6205')

Agadez

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Niger.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AGADEZ)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6206')

Ain el Abd 1970

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AIN_EL_ABD_1970)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6204')

Fundamental point: Ain El Abd. Latitude: 28°14’06.171”N, longitude: 48°16’20.906”E (of Greenwich).

Albanian 1987

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Albania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ALBANIAN_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6191')

Alicante

Type: Vertical
Extent: Gibraltar - onshore; Spain - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ALICANTE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5180')

Mean Sea Level at Alicante between 1870 and 1872.

Orthometric heights.

American Samoa 1962

Type: Geodetic
Extent: American Samoa - Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olesega and Ta’u islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AMERICAN_SAMOA_1962)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6169')

Fundamental point: Betty 13 eccentric. Latitude: 14°20’08.34”S, longitude: 170°42’52.25”W (of Greenwich).

American Samoa Vertical Datum of 2002

Type: Vertical
Extent: American Samoa - Tutuila island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AMERICAN_SAMOA_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2002)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1125')

Mean sea level at Pago Pago harbor, Tutuila. Benchmark 1770000 S TIDAL = 1.364m relative to National Tidal Datum Epoch 1983-2001.

Replaces Tutuila vertical datum of 1962 (datum code 1121). Replaced by Pago Pago local tidal datum (datum code 1302) in March 2020 after ASVD02 benchmarks destroyed by earthquake activity.

Amersfoort

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Netherlands - onshore, including Waddenzee, Dutch Wadden Islands and 12-mile offshore coastal zone.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AMERSFOORT)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6289')

Originally defined through fundamental point Amersfoort, latitude 52°09’22.178”N, longitude 5°23’15.478”E (of Greenwich). Since 2000-10-01 has been redefined as derived from ETRS89 by application of the official transformation RDNAPTRANS(TM).

Ammassalik 1958

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greenland - Ammassalik area onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AMMASSALIK_1958)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6196')

Ancienne Triangulation Francaise (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ANCIENNE_TRIANGULATION_FRANCAISE_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6901')

Uses the RGS value for the Paris meridian. In Alsace, data suspected to be transformation of German network into ATF. Replaced by Nouvelle Triangulation Francaise (Paris) (code 6807) which uses the 1936 IGN value for the Paris meridian.

Anguilla 1957

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Anguilla - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ANGUILLA_1957)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6600')

Fundamental point: station A4, Police.

Antalya

Type: Vertical
Extent: Türkiye (Turkey) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ANTALYA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5173')

Mean sea Level at Antalya 1936-71.

Orthometric heights.

Antigua 1943

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antigua island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ANTIGUA_1943)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6601')

Fundamental point: station A14.

Aratu

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - offshore south and east of a line intersecting the coast at 2°55’S; onshore Tucano basin.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ARATU)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6208')

Arc 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Botswana; Malawi; Zambia; Zimbabwe.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ARC_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6209')

Fundamental point: Buffelsfontein. Latitude: 33°59’32.000”S, longitude: 25°30’44.622”E (of Greenwich).

Arc 1960

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ARC_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6210')

Fundamental point: Buffelsfontein. Latitude: 33°59’32.000”S, longitude: 25°30’44.622”E (of Greenwich).

Ascension Island 1958

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - Ascension Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ASCENSION_ISLAND_1958)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6712')

Astro DOS 71

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ASTRO_DOS_71)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6710')

Fundamental point: DOS 71/4, Ladder Hill Fort, latitude: 15°55’30”S, longitude: 5°43’25”W (of Greenwich).

Auckland 1946

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Auckland vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUCKLAND_1946)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5157')

MSL at Auckland harbour 1909-1923.

Australian Antarctic Datum 1998

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica between 45°E and 136°E and between 142°E and 160°E - Australian sector.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_ANTARCTIC_DATUM_1998)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6176')

Australian Geodetic Datum 1966

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Australia - onshore and offshore. Papua New Guinea - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_GEODETIC_DATUM_1966)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6202')

Fundamental point: Johnson Memorial Cairn. Latitude: 25°56’54.5515”S, longitude: 133°12’30.0771”E (of Greenwich).

Australian Geodetic Datum 1984

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Australia - Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, federal areas offshore west of 129°E.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_GEODETIC_DATUM_1984)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6203')

Fundamental point: Johnson Memorial Cairn. Latitude: 25°56’54.5515”S, longitude: 133°12’30.0771”E (of Greenwich).

Uses all data from 1966 adjustment with additional observations, improved software and a geoid model.

Australian Height Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Australia - Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia and Victoria - onshore. Christmas Island - onshore. Cocos and Keeling Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_HEIGHT_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5111')

Mainland: MSL 1966-68 at 30 gauges around coast. Tasmania: MSL 1972 at Hobart and Burnie. Christmas Island: MSL (details unspecified). Cocos and Keeling Islands: MSL (details unspecified).

Normal-orthometric heights. Initially defined for mainland only, with independent height datums for Australian mainland, Tasmania, Christmas Island and Cocos and Keeling Islands. With introduction of AUSGeoid2020 in 2017, all considered to be AHD.

Australian Height Datum (Tasmania)

Type: Vertical
Extent: Australia - Tasmania mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_HEIGHT_DATUM_TASMANIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5112')

MSL 1972 at Hobart and Burnie.

Australian Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Australia including Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island. All onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2014)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1291')

ITRF2014 at epoch 2020.0.

Densification of ITRF2014 in the Australian region.

Australian Vertical Working Surface

Type: Vertical
Extent: Australia including Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island. All onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUSTRALIAN_VERTICAL_WORKING_SURFACE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1292')

Realized by the Australian gravimetric quasi-geoid (AGQG).

Normal heights. Extends gravity-related heights to offshore. See AHD (datum code 5111) for cadastral survey or local engineering survey including construction or mining.

Autonomous Regions of Portugal 2008

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - Azores and Madeira island groups and surrounding EEZ - Flores, Corvo; Graciosa, Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial; Sao Miguel, Santa Maria; Madeira, Porto Santo, Desertas; Selvagens.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AUTONOMOUS_REGIONS_OF_PORTUGAL_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1041')

ITRF93 as derived from the 1994 TransAtlantic Network for Geodynamics and Oceanography (TANGO) project.

Replaces older classical datums for Azores and Madeira archipelagos.

Average Terrestrial System 1977

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AVERAGE_TERRESTRIAL_SYSTEM_1977)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6122')

In use from 1979. To be phased out in late 1990’s.

Ayabelle Lighthouse

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Djibouti - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AYABELLE_LIGHTHOUSE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6713')

Fundamental point: Ayabelle Lighthouse.

Azores Central Islands 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - central Azores onshore - Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Terceira.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AZORES_CENTRAL_ISLANDS_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6183')

Fundamental point: Graciosa south west base. Latitude: 39°03’54.934”N, longitude: 28°02’23.882”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by 1995 adjustment (datum code 6665).

Azores Central Islands 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - central Azores onshore - Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Terceira.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AZORES_CENTRAL_ISLANDS_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6665')

Fundamental point: Graciosa south west base. Origin and orientation constrained to those of the 1948 adjustment.

Classical and GPS observations. Replaces 1948 adjustment (datum code 6183).

Azores Occidental Islands 1939

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - western Azores onshore - Flores, Corvo.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AZORES_OCCIDENTAL_ISLANDS_1939)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6182')

Fundamental point: Observatario Meteorologico Flores.

Azores Oriental Islands 1940

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - eastern Azores onshore - Sao Miguel, Santa Maria, Formigas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AZORES_ORIENTAL_ISLANDS_1940)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6184')

Fundamental point: Forte de São Bras.

Replaced by 1995 adjustment (datum code 6664).

Azores Oriental Islands 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - eastern Azores onshore - Sao Miguel, Santa Maria, Formigas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_AZORES_ORIENTAL_ISLANDS_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6664')

Fundamental point: Forte de São Bras. Origin and orientation constrained to those of the 1940 adjustment.

Classical and GPS observations. Replaces 1940 adjustment (datum code 6184).

Baltic 1957

Type: Vertical
Extent: Czechia; Slovakia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BALTIC_1957)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1202')

Datum: average water level at Kronstadt 1833. Network adjusted in 1957 as Uniform Precise Leveling Network of Eastern Europe (EPNN).

Uses Normal heights.

Baltic 1977

Type: Vertical
Extent: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Estonia - onshore; Georgia - onshore; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia - onshore; Lithuania - onshore; Moldova; Russian Federation - onshore; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine - onshore; Uzbekistan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BALTIC_1977)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5105')

Datum: average water level at Kronstadt 1833. Network adjusted in 1974-78 as Uniform Precise Leveling Network of Eastern Europe (EPNN).

Uses Normal heights. Adjustment also included former Czechoslovakia but was not adopted there, the 1957 adjustment being retained instead.

Baltic 1980

Type: Vertical
Extent: Hungary.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BALTIC_1980)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5185')

Uses Normal heights.

Baltic 1982

Type: Vertical
Extent: Bulgaria - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BALTIC_1982)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5184')

Network adjusted in 1982. Height at reference point Varna defined as 1958 value from the UPLN adjustment. Datum at Kronstadt is mean sea level of Baltic in 1833.

Uses Normal heights.

Baltic 1986

Type: Vertical
Extent: Poland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BALTIC_1986)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1296')

Mean sea level of Baltic at Kronstadt in 1833. Network adjusted in 1982.

Uses Normal heights. Adopted in 1986.

Bandar Abbas

Type: Vertical
Extent: Iran - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BANDAR_ABBAS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5150')

Average sea level at Bandar Abbas 1995-2001.

Replaces Fao (datum code 5149) in Iran.

Barbados 1938

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Barbados - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BARBADOS_1938)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6212')

Fundamental point: HMS Challenger astro station M1, St. Anne’s Tower. Latitude 13°04’32.53”N, longitude 59°36’29.34”W (of Greenwich).

Batavia

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - Bali, Java and western Sumatra onshore, offshore southern Java Sea, Madura Strait and western Bali Sea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BATAVIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6211')

Fundamental point: Longitude at Batavia Astro. Station. Latitude: 6°07’39.522”S, longitude: 106°48’27.790”E (of Greenwich). Latitude and azimuth at Genuk.

Batavia (Jakarta)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - onshore - Bali, Java and western Sumatra.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BATAVIA_JAKARTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6813')

Fundamental point: Longitude at Batavia astronomical station. Latitude: 6°07’39.522”S, longitude: 0°00’00.0”E (of Jakarta). Latitude and azimuth at Genuk.

Beduaram

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Niger - southeast
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BEDUARAM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6213')

Beijing 1954

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BEIJING_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6214')

Pulkovo, transferred through Russian triangulation.

Scale determined through three baselines in northeast China. Discontinuities at boundaries of adjustment blocks. From 1982 replaced by Xian 1980 and New Beijing.

Bekaa Valley 1920

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Lebanon - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BEKAA_VALLEY_1920)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1137')

Belfast Lough

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BELFAST_LOUGH)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5131')

Mean sea level between 1951 and 1956 at Clarendon Dock, Belfast. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights. Malin Head (datum code 5130) used for 1:50,000 and smaller mapping.

Bellevue

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Vanuatu - southern islands - Aneityum, Efate, Erromango and Tanna.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BELLEVUE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6714')

Datum covers all the major islands of Vanuatu in two different adjustment blocks, but practical usage is as given in the area of use.

Bermuda 1957

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bermuda - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BERMUDA_1957)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6216')

Fundamental point: Fort George base. Latitude 32°22’44.36”N, longitude 64°40’58.11”W (of Greenwich).

Bermuda 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bermuda - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BERMUDA_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6762')

ITRF96 at epoch 2000.0.

Bern 1938

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BERN_1938)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6306')

Fundamental point: Old Bern observatory. Latitude: 46°57’07.890”N, longitude: 7°26’22.335”E (of Greenwich).

This redetermination of the coordinates of fundamental point is used for scientific purposes and as the graticule overprinted on topographic maps constructed on the CH1903 / LV03 projected CS (code 21781).

Bhutan National Geodetic Datum

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bhutan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BHUTAN_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1058')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2003.87

Bioko

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BIOKO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1136')

Bissau

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guinea-Bissau - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BISSAU)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6165')

Black Sea

Type: Vertical
Extent: Georgia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BLACK_SEA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5134')

Black Sea datum is 0.4m below Baltic datum.

Bluff 1955

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - South Island - Bluff vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BLUFF_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5158')

MSL at Invercargill harbour over 8 years between 1918 and 1934.

Bogota 1975

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Colombia - mainland and offshore Caribbean.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BOGOTA_1975)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6218')

Fundamental point: Bogota observatory. Latitude: 4°35’56.570”N, longitude: 74°04’51.300”W (of Greenwich).

Replaces 1951 adjustment. Replaced by MAGNA-SIRGAS (datum code 6685).

Bogota 1975 (Bogota)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Colombia - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BOGOTA_1975_BOGOTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6802')

Fundamental point: Bogota observatory. Latitude: 4°35’56.570”N, longitude: 0°E (of Bogota).

Bora Bora SAU 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Bora Bora.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BORA_BORA_SAU_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5202')

Fundamental benchmark: Vaitape quay SHOM benchmark B.

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

British Isles height ensemble

Type: Ensemble
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - offshore to boundary of UKCS within 49°45’N to 61°N and 9°W to 2°E; onshore Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland. Ireland onshore. Isle of Man onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BRITISH_ISLES_HEIGHT_ENSEMBLE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1288')

Ensemble of 9 independent vertical datums now all defined through OS geoid model OSGM15.

Orthometric heights.

Bukit Rimpah

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - Banga and Belitung Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BUKIT_RIMPAH)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6219')

2°00’40.16”S, 105°51’39.76”E (of Greenwich).

Bulgaria Geodetic System 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bulgaria - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BULGARIA_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1167')

Densification of ETRS89 realised through network of 112 permanent GNSS reference stations in ETRF2000@2005.0.

Adopted as official Bulgarian reference datum through decree 153 of 2010-07-29.

Bulgarian Height System 2005

Type: Vertical
Extent: Bulgaria - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_BULGARIAN_HEIGHT_SYSTEM_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1300')

Bulgarian realisation of EVRF2007. EVRF2007 heights of 58 points in Bulgaria held fixed.

Uses Normal heights. Adopted as official Bulgarian height reference datum through decree 153 of 2010-07-29.

CH1903

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CH1903)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6149')

Fundamental point: Old Bern observatory. Latitude: 46°57’08.660”N, longitude: 7°26’22.500”E (of Greenwich).

CH1903 (Bern)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CH1903_BERN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6801')

Fundamental point: Old Bern observatory. Latitude: 46°57’08.660”N, longitude: 0°E (of Bern).

CH1903+

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CH1903_PLUS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6150')

Fundamental point: Zimmerwald observatory.

CR-SIRGAS

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Costa Rica - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CR_SIRGAS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1225')

ITRF2008 (IGb08) at epoch 2014.59. Network of 42 GNSS stations of the passive and active reference system.

Replaces CR05 from April 2018.

Cadastre 1997

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mayotte - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CADASTRE_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1037')

Coordinates of 1 station of Combani 1950 adjustment held fixed.

Derived by adjustment of GPS-observed network which was constrained to Combani 1950 coordinates of one station.

Cagliari 1956

Type: Vertical
Extent: Italy - Sardinia onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAGLIARI_1956)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1307')

Mean Sea Level at Cagliari 1955-1957.

Orthometric heights.

Cais da Figueirinha - Angra do Heroismo

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - central Azores - Terceira island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DA_FIGUEIRINHA_ANGRA_DO_HEROISMO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1107')

Mean Sea Level during 1951 at Cais da Figueirinha - Angra do Heroísmo.

Orthometric heights.

Cais da Madalena

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - central Azores - Pico island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DA_MADALENA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1105')

Mean Sea Level during 1937 at Cais da Madalena.

Orthometric heights.

Cais da Pontinha - Funchal

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - Madeira and Desertas islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DA_PONTINHA_FUNCHAL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1101')

Mean Sea Level during 1913 at Cais da Pontinha, Funchal.

Orthometric heights.

Cais da Vila - Porto Santo

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - Porto Santo island (Madeira archipelago) onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DA_VILA_PORTO_SANTO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1102')

Mean Sea Level during 1936 at Cais da Vila, Porto Santo.

Orthometric heights.

Cais da Vila do Porto

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - eastern Azores onshore - Santa Maria, Formigas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DA_VILA_DO_PORTO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1109')

Mean Sea Level during 1965 at Cais da Vila, Porto.

Orthometric heights.

Cais das Velas

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - central Azores - Sao Jorge island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAIS_DAS_VELAS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1103')

Mean Sea Level during 1937 at Cais das Velas.

Orthometric heights.

Camacupa 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola - Angola proper - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAMACUPA_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6220')

Fundamental point: Campo de Aviaçao. Latitude: 12°01’09.070”S, Longitude = 17°27’19.800”E (of Greenwich).

Provisional adjustment, replaced in 2015 for onshore use by Camacupa 2015.

Camacupa 2015

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAMACUPA_2015)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1217')

Fundamental point: Campo de Aviaçao. Latitude: 12°01’08.702”S, Longitude = 17°27’19.515”E (of Greenwich).

Second adjustment. Not used for offshore oil and gas exploration and production.

Camp Area Astro

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica - McMurdo Sound, Camp McMurdo area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAMP_AREA_ASTRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6715')

Campo Inchauspe

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - mainland onshore and Atlantic offshore Tierra del Fuego.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAMPO_INCHAUSPE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6221')

Fundamental point: Campo Inchauspe. Latitude: 35°58’16.56”S, longitude: 62°10’12.03”W (of Greenwich).

Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1928

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada - onshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba south of 57°N; New Brunswick; Northwest Territories south west of a line between 60°N, 110°W and the coast at 132°W; Nova Scotia; Ontario south of 52°N; Prince Edward Island; Quebec - mainland west of 66°W and south of 55°N; Saskatchewan south of 55°N; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CANADIAN_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_1928)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5114')

Based on the mean sea level determined from several tidal gauges located in strategic areas of the country.

From November 2013 replaced by CGVD2013 (datum code 1127).

Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013)

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CANADIAN_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2013_CGG2013)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1127')

Defined by the equipotential surface W0 = 62,636,856.0 m^2s^-2, which by convention represents the coastal mean sea level for North America, realized through the Canadian gravimetric geoid (CGG) 2013 at epoch 2010.0.

Replaces CGVD28 from November 2013. Replaced by CGVD2013(CGG2013a) epoch 2010 from December 2015, supplemented from February 2021 by snapshots of CGVD2013(CGG2013a) at epochs 1997.0 and 2002.0 (aligned with NAD83(CSRS) realization epochs).

Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013a) epoch 1997

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CANADIAN_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2013_CGG2013A_EPOCH_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1326')

Defined by the equipotential surface W0 = 62,636,856.0 m^2s^-2, which by convention represents the coastal mean sea level for North America, realized through the Canadian gravimetric geoid 2013a applied at epoch 1997.0.

CGVD2013(CGG2013a) is a static datum; however, heights referenced to it change with time, primarily due to glacial isostasy. This datum supports CGVD2013(CGG2013a) heights at epoch 1997.0. Other snapshots are at epochs 2002.0 and 2010.0.

Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013a) epoch 2002

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CANADIAN_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2013_CGG2013A_EPOCH_2002)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1325')

Defined by the equipotential surface W0 = 62,636,856.0 m^2s^-2, which by convention represents the coastal mean sea level for North America, realized through the Canadian gravimetric geoid 2013a applied at epoch 2002.

CGVD2013(CGG2013a) is a static datum; however, heights referenced to it change with time, primarily due to glacial isostasy. This datum supports CGVD2013(CGG2013a) heights at epoch 2002.0. Other snapshots are at epochs 1997.0 and 2010.0.

Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013a) epoch 2010

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CANADIAN_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2013_CGG2013A_EPOCH_2010)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1256')

Defined by the equipotential surface W0 = 62,636,856.0 m^2s^-2, which by convention represents the coastal mean sea level for North America, realized through CGG2013a at epoch 2010.0. Geoid velocity defined as zero with respect to NAD83(CSRS).

Replaces CGVD2013(CGG2013). CGVD2013(CGG2013a) is a static datum. However heights referenced to it change with time, primarily due to glacial isostasy. In practice static snapshots are used at epochs 2010.0 (this datum), 2002.0 and 1997.0.

Cape

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Botswana; Eswatini (Swaziland); Lesotho; South Africa - mainland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAPE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6222')

Fundamental point: Buffelsfontein. Latitude: 33°59’32.000”S, longitude: 25°30’44.622”E (of Greenwich).

Cape Canaveral

Type: Geodetic
Extent: North America - onshore - Bahamas and USA - Florida (east).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAPE_CANAVERAL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6717')

Fundamental point: Central 1950. Latitude: 28°29’32.36555”N, longitude 80°34’38.77362”W (of Greenwich)

Carthage

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Tunisia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CARTHAGE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6223')

Fundamental point: Carthage. Latitude: 40.9464506g = 36°51’06.50”N, longitude: 8.8724368g E of Paris = 10°19’20.72”E (of Greenwich).

Fundamental point astronomic coordinates determined in 1878.

Carthage (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Tunisia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CARTHAGE_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6816')

Fundamental point: Carthage. Latitude: 40.9464506g N, longitude: 8.8724368g E (of Paris).

Fundamental point astronomic coordinates determined in 1878.

Cascais

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CASCAIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5178')

Mean Sea Level at Cascais 1938.

Orthometric heights.

Caspian Sea

Type: Vertical
Extent: Azerbaijan - offshore; Kazakhstan - offshore; Russian Federation - Caspian Sea; Turkmenistan - offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CASPIAN_SEA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5106')

Defined as -28.0m Baltic datum

Catania 1965

Type: Vertical
Extent: Italy - Sicily onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CATANIA_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1306')

Mean Sea Level at Catania in 1965.

Orthometric heights.

Cayman Brac Vertical Datum 1961

Type: Vertical
Extent: Cayman Islands - Cayman Brac.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAYMAN_BRAC_VERTICAL_DATUM_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1099')

Cayman Islands Geodetic Datum 2011

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cayman Islands - onshore and offshore. Includes Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CAYMAN_ISLANDS_GEODETIC_DATUM_2011)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1100')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2011.0

Replaces GCGD59 (datum code 6723) and SIGD61 (datum code 6726).

Centre Spatial Guyanais 1967

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Guiana - coastal area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CENTRE_SPATIAL_GUYANAIS_1967)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6623')

Fundamental point: Kourou-Diane. Latitude: 5°15’53.699”N, longitude: 52°48’09.149”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGFG95 (code 6624).

Ceuta 2

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Ceuta onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CEUTA_2)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1285')

Mean Sea Level at Ceuta harbour between March 1944 and December 2006.

Orthometric heights. Replaces an earlier vertical datum in Ceuta harbour measured between 1908 and 1927.

Chatham Islands Datum 1971

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Zealand - Chatham Islands group - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CHATHAM_ISLANDS_DATUM_1971)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6672')

Replaced by Chatham Islands Datum 1979 (code 6673).

Chatham Islands Datum 1979

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Zealand - Chatham Islands group - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CHATHAM_ISLANDS_DATUM_1979)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6673')

Fundamental point: station Astro. Latitude: 43°57’23.60”S, longitude: 176°34’28.65”W (of Greenwich).

Replaces Chatham Islands Datum 1971 (code 6672). Replaced by New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (code 6167) from March 2000.

China 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CHINA_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1043')

ITRF97 at epoch 2000.0

Combined adjustment of astro-geodetic observations as used for Xian 1980 and GPS control network observed 2000-2003. Adopted July 2008.

Chos Malal 1914

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - Mendoza province, Neuquen province, western La Pampa province and western Rio Negro province.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CHOS_MALAL_1914)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6160')

Chos Malal police station.

Also known as Quini-Huao. Replaced by Campo Inchauspe (code 6221) for topographic mapping, use for oil exploration and production continues.

Chua

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - south of 18°S and west of 54°W, plus Distrito Federal. Paraguay - north.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CHUA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6224')

Fundamental point: Chua. Latitude: 19°45’41.160”S, longitude: 48°06’07.560”W (of Greenwich).

The Chua origin and associated network is in Brazil with a connecting traverse through northern Paraguay. It was used in Brazil only as input into the Corrego Allegre adjustment and for government work in Distrito Federal.

Cocos Islands 1965

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cocos (Keeling) Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_COCOS_ISLANDS_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6708')

Fundamental point: Anna 1.

Combani 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mayotte - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_COMBANI_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6632')

Combani South Base.

Replaced by RGM04 and Cadastre 1997 (datum codes 1036-37).

Conakry 1905

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guinea - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CONAKRY_1905)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6315')

Fundamental point: Conakry. Latitude: 10.573766g N, longitude: 17.833682g W (of Paris).

Congo 1960 Pointe Noire

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Congo - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CONGO_1960_POINTE_NOIRE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6282')

Fundamental point: Point Noire Astro. Latitude: 4°47’00.10”S, longitude: 11°51’01.55”E (of Greenwich).

Constanta

Type: Vertical
Extent: Romania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CONSTANTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5179')

Mean Sea Level at Constanta.

Normal-orthometric heights.

Corrego Alegre 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - onshore - between 18°S and 27°30’S, also east of 54°W between 15°S and 18°S.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CORREGO_ALEGRE_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1074')

Fundamental point: Corrego Alegre. Latitude: 19°50’14.91”S, longitude: 48°57’41.98”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Corrego Alegre 1970-72 (datum code 6225). NIMA gives coordinates of origin as latitude: 19°50’15.14”S, longitude: 48°57’42.75”W.

Corrego Alegre 1970-72

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - onshore - west of 54°W and south of 18°S; also south of 15°S between 54°W and 42°W; also east of 42°W.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CORREGO_ALEGRE_1970_72)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6225')

Fundamental point: Corrego Alegre. Latitude: 19°50’14.91”S, longitude: 48°57’41.98”W (of Greenwich).

Replaces 1961 adjustment (datum code 1074). Superseded by SAD69. NIMA gives coordinates of origin as latitude: 19°50’15.14”S, longitude: 48°57’42.75”W; these may refer to 1961 adjustment.

Costa Rica 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Costa Rica - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_COSTA_RICA_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1065')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2005.83. Network of 34 GPS stations throughout the country, five of which were connected to four Caribbean area ITRF stations.

Replaces Ocotepeque (datum code 1070) in Costa Rica from March 2007.

Croatian Terrestrial Reference System

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Croatia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CROATIAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6761')

Densification of ETRS89 in Croatia at epoch 1995.55.

Based on 78 control points with coordinates determined in ETRS89.

Croatian Vertical Reference Datum 1971

Type: Vertical
Extent: Croatia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CROATIAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_DATUM_1971)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5207')

Mean sea level at five tide gauges in Dubrovnik, Split, Bakar, Rovinj and Kopar at epoch 1971.5

Replaces Trieste (datum code 1050).

Cyprus Geodetic Reference System 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cyprus - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_CYPRUS_GEODETIC_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1112')

Station Chionistra (Mount Troodos). Network scale and orientation determined by connection of six stations to ITRF91 in Europe at epoch 1993.1.

Survey plans and maps produced by DLS after 1993.

Dabola 1981

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guinea - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DABOLA_1981)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6155')

Danger 1950

Type: Vertical
Extent: St Pierre and Miquelon - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DANGER_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5190')

Marker near tide gauge at port of Saint Pierre. Height is 1.26 metres above zero of tide gauge.

Dansk Normal Nul

Type: Vertical
Extent: Denmark - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DANSK_NORMAL_NUL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5132')

Mean Sea Level at 10 gauges.

Orthometric heights.

Dansk Vertikal Reference 1990

Type: Vertical
Extent: Denmark - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DANSK_VERTIKAL_REFERENCE_1990)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5206')

Benchmark at Århus cathedral referenced to mean sea level determined during 1990 at 10 tide gauges: Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Gedser, Hirtshals, Hornbæk, Korsør, København, Slipshavn and Århus.

Normal Orthometric heights.

Datum 73

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DATUM_73)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6274')

Fundamental point: TF4, Melrica. Latitude: 39°41’37.30”N, longitude: 8°07’53.31”W (of Greenwich).

Datum Altimetrico de Costa Rica 1952

Type: Vertical
Extent: Costa Rica - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DATUM_ALTIMETRICO_DE_COSTA_RICA_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1226')

Mean Sea Level 1941-1952 at Puntarenas.

Orthometric heights.

Datum Geodesi Nasional 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DATUM_GEODESI_NASIONAL_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6755')

ITRF91at epoch 1992.0.

Replaces ID74 and all older datums.

Dealul Piscului 1930

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Romania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEALUL_PISCULUI_1930)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6316')

Fundamental point: latitude 44°24’33.9606”N, longitude 26°06’44.8772”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Pulkovo 1942(58) (datum code 6179)

Deception Island

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica - South Shetland Islands - Deception Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DECEPTION_ISLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6736')

Deir ez Zor

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Lebanon - onshore. Syrian Arab Republic - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEIR_EZ_ZOR)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6227')

Fundamental point: Trig. 254 Deir. Latitude: 35°21’49.975”N, longitude: 40°05’46.770”E (of Greenwich).

Deutsche Bahn Reference System

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHE_BAHN_REFERENCE_SYSTEM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1081')

Defined by transformation from ETRS89 (transformation code 5826) to be an average of DHDN realizations across all German states.

Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Germany - states of former West Germany onshore - Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Schleswig-Holstein.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHES_HAUPTDREIECKSNETZ)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6314')

Fundamental point: Rauenberg. Latitude: 52°27’12.021”N, longitude: 13°22’04.928”E (of Greenwich). This station was destroyed in 1910 and the station at Potsdam substituted as the fundamental point.

Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1912

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHES_HAUPTHOEHENNETZ_1912)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1161')

Height of reference point “Normalnullpunkt” at Berlin Observatory defined as 37.000m above MSL in 1879 (transferred to benchmarks near Hoppegarten in Müncheberg in 1912). Datum at Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is mean high tide in 1684.

Uses Normal-orthometric heights.

Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1985

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - states of former West Germany onshore - Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Schleswig-Holstein.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHES_HAUPTHOEHENNETZ_1985)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5182')

Network adjusted in 1985. Height of reference point Wallenhorst defined as value from 1928 adjustment. Datum at Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is mean high tide in 1684.

Replaced by DHHN92. Uses Normal-orthometric heights.

Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1992

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHES_HAUPTHOEHENNETZ_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5181')

Network adjusted in 1992. Geopotential number at reference point Wallenhorst defined as value from the UELN-73/86 adjustment. Datum at Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is mean high tide in 1684.

Replaces DHHN85 in West Germany and SNN76 in East Germany. Uses Normal heights.

Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 2016

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DEUTSCHES_HAUPTHOEHENNETZ_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1170')

2006-2012 levelling network adjusted to 72 points of the DHHN92. Datum at Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is mean high tide in 1684.

Uses Normal heights in the mean tidal system.

Diego Garcia 1969

Type: Geodetic
Extent: British Indian Ocean Territory - Chagos Archipelago - Diego Garcia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DIEGO_GARCIA_1969)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6724')

Fundamental point: ISTS 073.

Dominica 1945

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Dominica - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DOMINICA_1945)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6602')

Fundamental point: station M12.

Douala 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cameroon - coastal area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DOUALA_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6192')

South pillar of Douala base; 4°00’40.64”N, 9°42’30.41”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Manoca 1962 datum (code 6193).

Douglas

Type: Vertical
Extent: Isle of Man - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DOUGLAS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5148')

Mean Sea Level at Douglas 1865. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights.

Dunedin 1958

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - South Island - between approximately 44°S and 46°S - Dunedin vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DUNEDIN_1958)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5159')

MSL at Dunedin harbour 1918-1937.

Dunedin-Bluff 1960

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - South Island - Dunedin-Bluff vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DUNEDIN_BLUFF_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1040')

Common adjustment of Dunedin 1958 and Bluff 1955 networks.

Durres

Type: Vertical
Extent: Albania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_DURRES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5175')

Mean Sea Level at Durres.

Normal-orthometric heights.

EBBWV14 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from Newport (Park Junction) to Ebbw Vale.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EBBWV14_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1319')

Defined through the application of the EBBWV14 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2022 to support intermediate CRS “EBBWV14-IRF” in the emulation of the EBBWV14 Snake map projection.

ECML14_NB Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to rail routes from Newcastle Central to Ashington via Benton North Junction, and the section from Bedlington to Morpeth.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ECML14_NB_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1310')

Defined through the application of the ECML14_NB NTv2 transformation (code 9759) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2021 to support intermediate CRS “ECML14_NB-IRF” in the emulation of the ECML14_NB Snake map projection.

EGM2008 geoid

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGM2008_GEOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1027')

Derived through EGM2008 geoid undulation model consisting of spherical harmonic coefficients to degree 2190 and order 2159 applied to the WGS 84 ellipsoid.

Replaces EGM96 geoid (datum code 5171). See transformation codes 3858 and 3859 for 2.5x2.5 and 1x1 arc minute geoid undulation grid files derived from the spherical harmonic coefficients.

EGM84 geoid

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGM84_GEOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5203')

Derived through EGM84 geoid undulation model consisting of spherical harmonic coefficients to degree and order 180 applied to the WGS 84 ellipsoid.

Replaced by EGM96 geoid (datum code 5171).

EGM96 geoid

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGM96_GEOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5171')

Derived through EGM84 geoid undulation model consisting of spherical harmonic coefficients to degree and order 360 applied to the WGS 84 ellipsoid.

Replaces EGM84 geoid (datum code 5203). Replaced by EGM2008 geoid (datum code 1027).

EOS21 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the complex of rail routes in the East of Scotland, incorporating the route from Tweedbank through the Borders to Edinburgh; the line from Edinburgh to Aberdeen; routes via Kirkaldy and Cowdenbeath; and routes via Leuchars and Perth to Dundee.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EOS21_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1308')

Defined through the application of the EOS21 NTv2 transformation (code 9740) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2021 to support intermediate CRS “EOS21-IRF” in the emulation of the EOS21 Snake map projection.

ETRF2000 Poland

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Poland - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ETRF2000_POLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1305')

Polish densification of ETRS89 realized through adjustment of ASG-EUPOS network constrained to 35 EPN stations in ETRF2000@2011.0.

Adopted as official Polish reference frame from 2012-12-01 through Ordinance of the Council of Ministers of 15th November 2012 on the state system of spatial reference system.

EWR2 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to East West Rail (Phase 2) routes from Oxford to Bicester, Bletchley and Bedford, and from Claydon Junction to Aylesbury and Princes Risborough.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EWR2_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1311')

Defined through the application of the EWR2 NTv2 transformation (code 9763) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2021 to support intermediate CRS “EWR2-IRF” in the emulation of the EWR2 Snake map projection.

Easter Island 1967

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - Easter Island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EASTER_ISLAND_1967)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6719')

Egypt 1907

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Egypt - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGYPT_1907)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6229')

Fundamental point: Station F1 (Venus). Latitude: 30°01’42.86”N, longitude: 31°16’33.60”E (of Greenwich).

Egypt 1930

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Egypt - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGYPT_1930)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6199')

Fundamental point: Station F1 (Venus). Latitude: 30°01’42.86”N, longitude: 31°16’37.05”E (of Greenwich).

Note that Egypt 1930 uses the International 1924 ellipsoid, unlike the Egypt 1907 datum (code 6229) which uses the Helmert ellipsoid. Oil industry references to the Egypt 1930 datum name and the Helmert ellipsoid probably mean Egypt 1907 datum.

Egypt Gulf of Suez S-650 TL

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Egypt - Gulf of Suez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EGYPT_GULF_OF_SUEZ_S_650_TL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6706')

Fundamental point: Station S-650 DMX. Adopted coordinates: latitude: 28°19’02.1907”N, longitude: 33°06’36.6344”E (of Greenwich). The proper Egypt 1907 coordinates for S-650 differ from these by about 20m.

A coherent set of stations bordering the Gulf of Suez coordinated by Transit translocation (“TL”) between 1980 and 1984. Based on incorrect Egypt 1907 values for origin station S-650. Differs from true Egypt 1907 by approximately 20m.

El Hierro

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - El Hierro onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EL_HIERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1284')

Mean Sea Level at La Estaca harbour in 2000.

Orthometric heights.

Estonia 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Estonia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ESTONIA_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6133')

Densification from 4 ETRS89 points.

Based on ETRS89 as established during the 1992 Baltic campaign. Replaced by Estonia 1997 adjustment (code 6180).

Estonia 1997

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Estonia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ESTONIA_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6180')

Densification of ETRS89 during EUREF-ESTONIA97 campaign through transformation from ITRF96 at epoch 1997.56.

Replaces Estonia 1992 adjustment (code 6133).

Estonian Height System 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Estonia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ESTONIAN_HEIGHT_SYSTEM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1298')

Estonian realisation of EVRF2007. Relevelling observed 2004-2013 and reduced to epoch 2000 using the NKG2005LU empirical land uplift model. EVRF2007 height of Poltsamaa fundamental bench mark (H=55.2114m) held fixed.

Uses Normal heights.

European Datum 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - west: Andorra; Cyprus; Denmark - onshore and offshore; Faroe Islands - onshore; France - offshore; Germany - offshore North Sea; Gibraltar; Greece - offshore; Israel - offshore; Italy including San Marino and Vatican City State; Ireland offshore; Malta; Netherlands - offshore; North Sea; Norway including Svalbard - onshore and offshore; Portugal - mainland - offshore; Spain - onshore; Türkiye (Turkey) - onshore and offshore; United Kingdom - UKCS offshore east of 6°W including Channel Islands (Guernsey and Jersey). Egypt - Western Desert; Iraq - onshore; Jordan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_DATUM_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6230')

Fundamental point: Potsdam (Helmert Tower). Latitude: 52°22’51.4456”N, longitude: 13°03’58.9283”E (of Greenwich).

European Datum 1950(1977)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iran - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_DATUM_1950_1977)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6154')

Extension of ED50 over Iran.

Sometimes referred to as ED50-ED77.

European Datum 1979

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - west.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_DATUM_1979)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6668')

Fundamental point: Potsdam (Helmert Tower). Latitude: 52°22’51.4456”N, longitude: 13°03’58.9283”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by 1987 adjustment.

European Datum 1987

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - west.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_DATUM_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6231')

Fundamental point: Potsdam (Helmert Tower). Latitude: 52°22’51.4456”N, longitude: 13°03’58.9283”E (of Greenwich).

European Libyan Datum 1979

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Libya - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_LIBYAN_DATUM_1979)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6159')

Extension of ED50 over Libya.

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1989)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1178')

Coincides with ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the AM02 geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF89 (CT code 7932). Replaced by ETRF90 (datum code 1179).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1990)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1179')

Coincides with ITRF90 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the AM02 geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF90 (CT code 7933). Replaces ETRF89 (datum code 1178). Replaced by ETRF91 (datum code 1180).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1991)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1180')

Coincides with ITRF91 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the AM02 geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF91 (CT code 7934). Replaces ETRF90 (datum code 1179). Replaced by ETRF92 (datum code 1181).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1181')

Coincides with ITRF92 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the NNR-NUVEL-1 geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF92 (CT code 7935). Replaces ETRF91 (datum code 1180). Replaced by ETRF93 (datum code 1182).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1182')

Coincides with ITRF93 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the ITRF93 velocity field.

Defined by transformation from ITRF93 (CT code 7936). Replaces ETRF92 (datum code 1181). Replaced by ETRF94 (datum code 1183).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1994)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1183')

Coincides with ITRF94 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the NNR-NUVEL-1A geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF94 (CT code 7937). Replaces ETRF93 (datum code 1182). Replaced by ETRF96 (datum code 1184).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1184')

Coincides with ITRF96 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the NNR-NUVEL-1A geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF96 (CT code 7938). Replaces ETRF94 (datum code 1183). Replaced by ETRF97 (datum code 1185).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1185')

Coincides with ITRF97 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the NNR-NUVEL-1A geophysical model.

Defined by transformation from ITRF97 (CT code 7939). Replaces ETRF96 (datum code 1184). Replaced by ETRF2000 (datum code 1186).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1186')

Coincides with ITRF2000 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the ITRF2000 velocity field.

Defined by transformation from ITRF2000 (CT 7940). Replaces ETRF97. On the publication of ETRF2005 the EUREF TWG recommended that ETRF2000 be the realization of ETRS89. ETRF2014 (code 1206) is technically superior to all earlier realizations of ETRS89.

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1204')

Coincides with ITRF2005 in orientation and scale at epoch 1989.0 realigned to ITRF89 at epoch 1989.0 using 3 translations. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the ITRF2005 velocity field.

Defined by transformation from ITRF2005 (CT 5900). On publication in 2007 of this reference frame, the EUREF TWG recommended that ETRF2000 rather than this reference frame remained as the preferred realization of ETRS89. Replaced by ETRF2014 (code 1206).

European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2014)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1206')

Coincides with ITRF2014 at epoch 1989.0. Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian tectonic plate through 3 rotation rates derived from the ITRF2014 velocity field.

Defined by transformation from ITRF2014 (CT code 8366). Replaces ETRF2005 (datum code 1204). Technically superior to ETRF2000 (datum code 1186).

European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ensemble

Type: Ensemble
Extent: Europe - onshore and offshore: Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway including Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Poland; Portugal; Romania; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) including Channel Islands and Isle of Man; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_1989_ENSEMBLE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6258')

Has been realized through ETRF89, ETRF90, ETRF91, ETRF92, ETRF93, ETRF94, ETRF96, ETRF97, ETRF2000, ETRF2005 and ETRF2014. This ‘ensemble’ covers any or all of these realizations without distinction.

European Vertical Reference Frame 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Europe - onshore - Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France - mainland; Germany; Gibraltar; Hungary; Italy - mainland and Sicily; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal - mainland; Romania; San Marino; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain - mainland; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain mainland; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5129')

Height at Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is zero, defined through height at UELN bench mark 13600 (52°22’53”N 4°54’34”E) of 0.71599m. Datum at NAP is mean high tide in 1684.

Realized by geopotential numbers and Normal heights of the United European Levelling Network. Replaced by EVRF2007 (datum code 5215).

European Vertical Reference Frame 2000 Austria

Type: Vertical
Extent: Austria.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2000_AUSTRIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1261')

Geopotential numbers of the EVRF2000 (UELN95/98) node points in Austria converted to orthometric heights using a digital surface model.

Geoid surface is smoother than the EVRF2000 quasigeoid.

European Vertical Reference Frame 2007

Type: Vertical
Extent: Europe - onshore - Andorra; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France - mainland; Germany; Gibraltar, Hungary; Italy - mainland and Sicily; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal - mainland; Romania; San Marino; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain - mainland; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain mainland; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2007)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5215')

Least squares fit to 13 stations of the EVRF2000 solution. Reduced to epoch 2000.0 for Nordic countries using the NKG2005LU uplift model.

Realized by geopotential numbers and Normal heights of the United European Levelling Network. Replaces EVRF2000 (datum code 5129). Replaced by EVRF2019 (datum code 1274).

European Vertical Reference Frame 2007 Poland

Type: Vertical
Extent: Poland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2007_POLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1297')

Origin: Mean North Sea Level at Amsterdam tide gauge. Normal heights obtained from adjustment of precise leveling campaigns conducted during 1998 - 2012 reduced to epoch 2008.00.

Uses Normal heights.

European Vertical Reference Frame 2019

Type: Vertical
Extent: Europe - onshore - Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France - mainland; Germany; Gibraltar, Hungary; Italy - mainland and Sicily; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway; Poland; Portugal - mainland; Romania; Russia – west of approximately 60°E; San Marino; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain - mainland; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain mainland; Ukraine; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2019)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1274')

Fixed to geopotential values of 12 stable stations of the EVRF2007 solution. Re-adjusted in September 2020. Reduced to epoch 2000.0 for Nordic countries and Russia using the NKG2016LU_lev uplift model and for Switzerland using CHVRF15 velocities.

Following EVRS conventions, EVRF2019 is a zero-tide surface. Replaces EVRF2007 (datum code 5215).

European Vertical Reference Frame 2019 mean tide

Type: Vertical
Extent: Europe - onshore - Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France - mainland; Germany; Gibraltar, Hungary; Italy - mainland and Sicily; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway; Poland; Portugal - mainland; Romania; Russia – west of approximately 60°E; San Marino; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain - mainland; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain mainland; Ukraine; Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_EUROPEAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2019_MEAN_TIDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1287')

Derived from 2020-09 zero-tide EVRF2019 adjustment by Cmean = Czero + (0.28841*sin^2(phi)) + (0.00195*sin^4(phi)) - 0.09722 - 0.08432 kgal.m. The offset of 0.08432 forces the mean-tide height to the zero-tide height at the EVRF2000 origin in Amsterdam.

Mean-tide surface, describing how water flows. See EVRF2019 (datum code 1274) for zero-tide surface which is consistent with ETRS conventions.

FNL22 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from Inverness to Thurso and Wick.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FNL22_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1321')

Defined through the application of the FNL22 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2022 to support intermediate CRS “FNL22” in the emulation of the FNL22 Snake map projection.

Fahud

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Oman - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAHUD)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6232')

Fundamental point: Station NO68-024 Fahud. Latitude: 22°17’31.182”N, longitude: 56°29’18.820”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by PSD93 (code 6134).

Fahud Height Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Oman - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAHUD_HEIGHT_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5124')

Single MSL determination at Mina Al Fahal.

Based on reciprocal trigonometric heighting. Replaced by PHD93 Datum (code 5123) in 1993.

Fair Isle

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Fair Isle onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAIR_ISLE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5139')

Orthometric heights.

Famagusta 1960

Type: Vertical
Extent: Cyprus - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAMAGUSTA_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1148')

Mean sea level at Famagusta Harbour.

Orthometric heights.

Fao

Type: Vertical
Extent: Iraq - onshore southeast; Iran - onshore northern Gulf coast and west bordering southeast Iraq.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5149')

Established by Hunting Surveys for IPC. In Iran replaced by Bandar Abbas (code 5150). At time of record creation NIOC data in Ahwaz area still usually referenced to Fao. In Iraq replaced by Fao 1979 (code 1028).

Fao 1979

Type: Vertical
Extent: Iraq - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAO_1979)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1028')

Average sea level at Fao during two-year period in mid/late 1970s.

Levelling network established by Polservice consortium. Replaces Fao (datum code 5149) in Iraq.

Faroe Datum 1954

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Faroe Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAROE_DATUM_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6741')

Astronomical observations at 3 points.

Replaced by ED50 in late 1970’s for all purposes other than cadastre. Replaced by fk89 for cadastre.

Faroe Islands Vertical Reference 2009

Type: Vertical
Extent: Faroe Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FAROE_ISLANDS_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_2009)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1059')

Mean Tidal Height System.

Fatu Iva 72

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Marquesas Islands - Fatu Hiva.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FATU_IVA_72)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6688')

Fundamental point: Latitude: 9°25’58.00”S, longitude: 138°55’06.25”W (of Greenwich).

Recomputed by IGN in 1972 using origin and observations of 1953-1955 Mission Hydrographique des Establissements Francais d’Oceanie (MHEFO 55). Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

Fehmarnbelt Datum 2010

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Fehmarnbelt area of Denmark and Germany.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FEHMARNBELT_DATUM_2010)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1078')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2010.14.

Defined through coordinates of four permanant GNSS stations.

Fehmarnbelt Vertical Reference 2010

Type: Vertical
Extent: Fehmarnbelt area of Denmark and Germany.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FEHMARNBELT_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_2010)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1079')

Realised by precise levelling between tide gauges at Marienleuchte (Germany), Rodbyhavn (Denmark) and four Fehmarnbelt project GNSS stations.

Fiji 1956

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Fiji - onshore - Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Viti Levu and and immediately adjacent smaller islands of Yasawa and Kandavu groups.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FIJI_1956)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6721')

Latitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Rasusuva = 17°49’03.13”S, longitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Suva = 178°25’35.835”E (of Greenwich).

For topographic mapping replaces Viti Levu 1912 and Vanua Levu 1915. Replaced by Fiji Geodetic Datum 1986.

Fiji Geodetic Datum 1986

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Fiji - onshore. Includes Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, the Yasawa Group, the Kadavu Group, the Lau Islands and Rotuma Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FIJI_GEODETIC_DATUM_1986)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6720')

NWL 9D coordinates of 6 stations on Vitu Levu and Vanua Levu.

Replaces Viti Levu 1912, Vanua Levu 1915 and Fiji 1956.

Final Datum 1958

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iran - Arwaz area and onshore Gulf coast west of 54°E, Lavan Island, offshore Balal field and South Pars blocks 2 and 3.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FINAL_DATUM_1958)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6132')

Fundamental point: Maniyur. Latitude: 31°23’59.19”N, longitude: 48°32’31.38”E (of Greenwich).

Network included in Nahrwan 1967 adjustment.

Flannan Isles

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Flannan Isles onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FLANNAN_ISLES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5146')

Orthometric heights.

Fort Marigot

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - St Martin and St Barthélemy islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FORT_MARIGOT)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6621')

Replaced by RRAF 1991 (datum code 1047).

Foula

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Foula onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FOULA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5141')

Orthometric heights.

Fuerteventura

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - Fuerteventura onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FUERTEVENTURA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1279')

Mean Sea Level at Puerto del Rosario harbour between 1999-09-08 and 2000-12-31.

Orthometric heights.

GBK19 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from Glasgow to Kilmarnock via Barrhead and the branch to East Kilbride.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GBK19_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1289')

Defined through the application of the GBK19 NTv2 transformation (code 9454) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2020 to support intermediate CRS “GBK19-IRF” in the emulation of the combined GBK19 Snake map projection.

GNTRANS

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GNTRANS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1316')

Surface defined by the EGG97 quasi-geoid model modified in GNTRANS to achieve absolute position optimised for use with DB_REF.

Implemented in GNTRANS. The GNTRANS height surface is available only through the GNTRANS application. Replaced by the GNTRANS2016 height surface (datum code 1318).

GNTRANS2016

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - onshore - states of Baden-Wurtemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GNTRANS2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1318')

Surface defined by the GCG2016 quasi-geoid model applied to ETRS89.

Approximates the national DHHN2016 levelling surface to around 1cm in lowlands and 2cm in high mountains, but unlike DHHN2016 it is defined by the GCG2016 geoid model. Like DHHN2016, uses Normal heights in the mean tide system.

Gambia

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Gambia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GAMBIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1139')

Gan 1970

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Maldives - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GAN_1970)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6684')

In some references incorrectly named “Gandajika 1970”. See datum code 6685.

Garoua

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cameroon - Garoua area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GAROUA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6197')

Fundamental point: IGN astronomical station and benchmark no. 16 at Tongo. Latitude 8°55’08.74”N, longitude 13°30’43.19”E (of Greenwich).

Gebrauchshohen ADRIA

Type: Vertical
Extent: Austria.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEBRAUCHSHOHEN_ADRIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5176')

Reference point Hutbiegl defined relative to mean sea level at Trieste in 1875.

Normal-orthometric heights.

Genoa 1942

Type: Vertical
Extent: Italy - mainland (including San Marino and Vatican City State) and Sicily.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GENOA_1942)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1051')

Mean Sea Level at Genoa (Ponte Morosini) 1937-1946.

Orthometric heights.

Geocentric Datum Brunei Darussalam 2009

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brunei Darussalam - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEOCENTRIC_DATUM_BRUNEI_DARUSSALAM_2009)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1056')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2009.45

Replaces use of Timbalai from July 2009.

Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Australia including Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island. All onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEOCENTRIC_DATUM_OF_AUSTRALIA_1994)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6283')

ITRF92 at epoch 1994.0.

Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Australia including Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island. All onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEOCENTRIC_DATUM_OF_AUSTRALIA_2020)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1168')

ITRF2014 at epoch 2020.0.

Geocentric datum of Korea

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Republic of Korea (South Korea) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEOCENTRIC_DATUM_OF_KOREA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6737')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2002.0.

Geodetic Datum of 1965

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEODETIC_DATUM_OF_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6300')

Adjusted to best mean fit 9 stations of the OSNI 1952 primary adjustment in Northern Ireland plus the 1965 values of 3 stations in the Republic of Ireland.

Differences from the 1965 adjustment (datum code 6299) are: average difference in Eastings 0.092m; average difference in Northings 0.108m; maximum vector difference 0.548m.

Geodetic Datum of Malaysia 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Malaysia - onshore and offshore. Includes peninsular Malayasia, Sabah and Sarawak.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEODETIC_DATUM_OF_MALAYSIA_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6742')

ITRF2000, epoch 2000.0.

Replaces all older Malaysian datums.

Geodezicheskaya Sistema Koordinat 2011

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Russian Federation - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GEODEZICHESKAYA_SISTEMA_KOORDINAT_2011)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1159')

Coordinates of the Russian fundamental astronomic-geodetic network (about 50 stations) at epoch 2011.0

Gisborne 1926

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Gisborne vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GISBORNE_1926)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5160')

MSL at Gisborne harbour 1926.

Gran Canaria

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - Gran Canaria onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GRAN_CANARIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1280')

Mean Sea Level at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria harbour between 1992 and 1997.

Orthometric heights.

Grand Cayman Geodetic Datum 1959

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cayman Islands - Grand Cayman.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GRAND_CAYMAN_GEODETIC_DATUM_1959)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6723')

Fundamental point: GC1. Latitude: 19°17’54.43”N, longitude: 81°22’37.17”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by CIGD11 (datum code 1100).

Grand Cayman Vertical Datum 1954

Type: Vertical
Extent: Cayman Islands - Grand Cayman.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GRAND_CAYMAN_VERTICAL_DATUM_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1097')

Grand Comoros

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Comoros - Njazidja (Grande Comore).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GRAND_COMOROS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6646')

Fundamental point: M’Tsaoueni. Latitude: 11°28’32.200”S, longitude: 43°15’42.315”E (of Greenwich).

Greek

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greece - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREEK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6120')

Fundamental point: Athens Observatory. Latitude 37°58’20.132”N, longitude 23°42’58.815”E (of Greenwich)

See geodetic datum alias 6404. Used as basis of topographic mapping based on Hatt projection. Replaced by GGRS87 (code 6121).

Greek (Athens)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greece - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREEK_ATHENS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6815')

Fundamental point: Athens Observatory. Latitude 37°58’20.132”N, longitude 0°E (of Athens).

See geodetic datum alias 6404. Used as basis of topographic mapping based on Hatt projection.

Greek Geodetic Reference System 1987

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greece - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREEK_GEODETIC_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6121')

Fundamental point: Dionysos. Latitude 38°04’33.8”N, longitude 23°55’51.0”E of Greenwich; geoid height 7.0 m.

Replaced (old) Greek datum. Oil industry work based on ED50.

Greenland 1996

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greenland - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREENLAND_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6747')

ITRF94 at epoch 1996.62

Replaces Ammassalik 1958, Qornoq 1927 and Scoresbysund 1952.

Greenland Vertical Reference 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Greenland - onshore and offshore between 59°N and 84°N and west of 10°W.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREENLAND_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1199')

Defined through the gravimetric geoid 2000 model locally aligned with MSL at a number of sites.

Orthometric heights. Replaced by GVR2016.

Greenland Vertical Reference 2016

Type: Vertical
Extent: Greenland - onshore and offshore between 58°N and 85°N and west of 7°W.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GREENLAND_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1200')

Defined through the gravimetric geoid 2016 model locally aligned to MSL as measured at Nuuk during the 1960s.

Orthometric heights. Replaces GVR2000.

Grenada 1953

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Grenada and southern Grenadine Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GRENADA_1953)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6603')

Fundamental point: station GS8, Sante Marie.

Guadeloupe 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, La Desirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUADELOUPE_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6622')

Replaced by RRAF 1991 (datum code 1047).

Guadeloupe 1951

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUADELOUPE_1951)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5193')

Mean sea level July 1947 to June 1948 at Pointe-Fouillole (Pointe-à-Pitre harbour). Origin = marker AO’-12 with height of 1.917m above msl.

Orthometric heights. Replaced by Guadeloupe 1988 (datum code 5155). Guadeloupe 1951 height 0.00m is 0.629m above 1947-48 sounding datum.

Guadeloupe 1988

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUADELOUPE_1988)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5155')

Mean sea level July 1947 to June 1948 at Pointe-Fouillole (Pointe-à-Pitre harbour). Origin = marker GO-7 (formerly AO’-5) with defined height of 2.67m above msl adopted from 1951 value. Guadeloupe 1988 height 0.00m is 0.46m above 1984 sounding datum.

Orthometric heights. Replaces Guadeloupe 1951 (datum code 5193).

Guam 1963

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guam - onshore. Northern Mariana Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUAM_1963)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6675')

Fundamental point: Tagcha. Latitude: 13°22’38.49”N, longitude: 144°45’51.56”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by NAD83(HARN)

Guam Vertical Datum of 1963

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guam - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUAM_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_1963)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1122')

Mean sea level at Apra harbor, Guam, 1949-1962. Benchmark NO 5 1949 = 0.599m.

Replaced by Guam vertical datum of 2004 (datum code 1126).

Guam Vertical Datum of 2004

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guam - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUAM_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2004)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1126')

Mean sea level at Apra harbor, Guam. Benchmark 1630000 TIDAL 4 = 2.170m relative to US National Tidal Datum Epoch 1983-2001. MSL is 0.419m above MLLW and the BM is 2.589m above MLLW.

Replaces Guam Vertical Datum of 1963 (datum code 1122).

Gulshan 303

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bangladesh - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GULSHAN_303)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6682')

Gulshan garden, Dhaka.

Network of more than 140 control points observed and adjusted in 1995 by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Gunung Segara

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - Kalimantan - onshore east coastal area including Mahakam delta coastal and offshore shelf areas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUNUNG_SEGARA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6613')

Station P5 (Gunung Segara). Latitude 0°32’12.83”S, longitude 117°08’48.47”E (of Greenwich).

Gunung Segara (Jakarta)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - Kalimantan - onshore east coastal area including Mahakam delta coastal and offshore shelf areas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUNUNG_SEGARA_JAKARTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6820')

Station P5 (Gunung Segara) 0°32’12.83”S, 117°08’48.47”E (of Greenwich). Longitude 8°20’20.68”E (of Jakarta).

Gusterberg (Ferro)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Austria - Upper Austria and Salzburg provinces. Czechia - Bohemia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_GUSTERBERG_FERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1188')

Fundamental point: Gusterberg. Latitude: 48°02’18.47”N, longitude: 31°48’15.05”E (of Ferro).

HS2 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - HS2 phases 1 and 2a railway corridor from London to Birmingham, Lichfield and Crewe.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HS2_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1264')

Defined through application of the HS2TN02 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2001 CORS. Subsequently realized through application of the HS2TN15 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created to support intermediate CRS “HS2-IRF” in the emulation of the HS2P1+14 Snake map projection.

HS2 Vertical Reference Frame

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - HS2 phases 1 and 2a railway corridor from London to Birmingham, Lichfield and Crewe.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HS2_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1265')

Equivalent to Ordnance Datum Newlyn as realized through OSNet v2001 and OSGM02.

After introduction of OSNet v2009 CORS, OSTN15 and the OSGM15 geoid model, the HS2 VRF is maintained equivalent to OSNet v2001 and OSGM02 through HS2GM15 (code 9304).

HULLEE13 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from the Morley tunnel through Leeds to Hull.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HULLEE13_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1317')

Defined through the application of the HULLEE13 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2022 to support intermediate CRS “HULLEE13-IRF” in the emulation of the HULLEE13 Snake map projection.

Ha Tien 1960

Type: Vertical
Extent: Cambodia - mainland onshore; Vietnam - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HA_TIEN_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5125')

In Vietnam replaced by Hon Dau in 1992.

Hanoi 1972

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Vietnam - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HANOI_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6147')

Hartebeesthoek94

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Eswatini (Swaziland); Lesotho; South Africa - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HARTEBEESTHOEK94)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6148')

Coincident with ITRF91 at epoch 1994.0 at Hartebeesthoek astronomical observatory near Pretoria.

Replaces Cape datum (code 6222).

Helle 1954

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Jan Mayen - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HELLE_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6660')

Helsinki 1943

Type: Vertical
Extent: Finland - onshore mainland south of approximately 66°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HELSINKI_1943)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1213')

MSL at Helsinki during 1943.

Uses orthometric heights. Effect of the land uplift during the 2nd national levelling was not taken into account. Replaced by N60 (datum code 5116).

Helsinki 1960

Type: Vertical
Extent: Finland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HELSINKI_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5116')

MSL at Helsinki during 1960.

Uses orthometric heights. Replaced by N2000 (datum code 1030).

Herat North

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Afghanistan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HERAT_NORTH)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6255')

Fundamental point: Herat North. Latitude: 34°23’09.08”N, longitude: 64°10’58.94”E (of Greenwich).

High Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HIGH_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1094')

The highest level reached at a place by the water surface in one tidal cycle. When used on inland (non-tidal) waters it is generally defined as a level which the daily mean water level exceeds less than 5% of the time.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of high water by specifying location and epoch, for instance “High water at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Higher High Water Large Tide

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HIGHER_HIGH_WATER_LARGE_TIDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1084')

The average of the highest high waters, one from each of 19 years of observations.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of HHWLT by specifying location and epoch, for instance “HHWLT at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Highest Astronomical Tide

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HIGHEST_ASTRONOMICAL_TIDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1082')

The highest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of HAT by specifying location and epoch, for instance “HAT at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Hito XVIII 1963

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - Tierra del Fuego, onshore; Argentina - Tierra del Fuego, onshore and offshore Atlantic west of 66°W.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HITO_XVIII_1963)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6254')

Chile-Argentina boundary survey.

Used in Tierra del Fuego.

Hjorsey 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iceland - mainland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HJORSEY_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6658')

Fundamental point: Latitude: 64°31’29.26”N, longitude: 22°22’05.84”W (of Greenwich).

Hon Dau 1992

Type: Vertical
Extent: Vietnam - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HON_DAU_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5126')

Replaces Ha Tien in Vietnam.

Hong Kong 1963

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Hong Kong - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_1963)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6738')

Fundamental point: Trig “Zero”, 38.4 feet south along the transit circle of the Kowloon Observatory. Latitude 22°18’12.82”N, longitude 114°10’18.75”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Hong Kong 1963(67) for military purposes only in 1967. Replaced by Hong Kong 1980.

Hong Kong 1963(67)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Hong Kong - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_1963_67)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6739')

Fundamental point: Trig “Zero”, 38.4 feet south along the transit circle of the Kowloon Observatory. Latitude 22°18’12.82”N, longitude 114°10’18.75”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Hong Kong 1963 for military purposes only in 1967. Replaced by Hong Kong 1980.

Hong Kong 1980

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Hong Kong - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_1980)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6611')

Fundamental point: Trig “Zero”, 38.4 feet south along the transit circle of the Kowloon Observatory. Latitude 22°18’12.82”N, longitude 114°10’18.75”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Hong Kong 1963 and Hong Kong 1963(67).

Hong Kong Chart Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: China - Hong Kong - offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_CHART_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5136')

Approximates to Lowest Astronomic Tide level (LAT).

Chart datum is 0.15 metres below Hong Kong Principal Datum (code 5135) and 1.38m below MSL at Quarry Bay.

Hong Kong Geodetic

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Hong Kong - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_GEODETIC)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1209')

ITRF96 at epoch 1998.121

Locally sometimes referred to as ITRF96 or WGS 84, these are not strictly correct as it applies only at epoch 1998.121 and ignores subsequent tectonic plate motion.

Hong Kong Principal Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: China - Hong Kong - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HONG_KONG_PRINCIPAL_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5135')

1.23m below the mean of 19 years (1965-83) observations of tide levels at North Point, Victoria Harbour.

Horta

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - central Azores - Faial island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HORTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1104')

Mean Sea Level during 1935 at Horta.

Orthometric heights.

Hu Tzu Shan 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Taiwan, Republic of China - onshore - Taiwan Island, Penghu (Pescadores) Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HU_TZU_SHAN_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6236')

Fundamental point: Hu Tzu Shan. Latitude: 23°58’32.34”N, longitude: 120°58’25.975”E (of Greenwich).

Huahine SAU 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Huahine.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HUAHINE_SAU_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5200')

Fundamental benchmark: SHOM B3

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

Hungarian Datum 1909

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Hungary.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HUNGARIAN_DATUM_1909)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1024')

Fundamental point not given in information source, but presumably Szolohegy which is origin of later HD72.

Replaced earlier HD1863 adjustment also on Bessel ellipsoid. Both HD1863 and HD1909 were originally on Ferro Prime Meridian but subsequently converted to Greenwich. Replaced by HD72 (datum code 6237).

Hungarian Datum 1972

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Hungary.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_HUNGARIAN_DATUM_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6237')

Fundamental point: Szolohegy. Latitude: 47°17’32,6156”N, longitude 19°36’09.9865”E (of Greenwich); geoid height 6.56m.

Replaced Hungarian Datum 1909 (EPSG datum code 1024).

IG05 Intermediate Datum

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore; Palestine Territory - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IG05_INTERMEDIATE_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1142')

Defined by transformation from IGD05 at epoch 2004.75.

IG05/12 Intermediate Datum

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore; Palestine Territory - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IG05_12_INTERMEDIATE_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1144')

Defined by transformation from IGD05/12 at epoch 2012.00.

IGC 1962 Arc of the 6th Parallel South

Type: Geodetic
Extent: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - adjacent to 6th parallel south traverse.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGC_1962_ARC_OF_THE_6TH_PARALLEL_SOUTH)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6697')

Coordinates of 3 stations determined with respect to Arc 1950: Mulungu 4°47’39.2325”S, 29°59’37.5864”E; Nyakawembe 4°14’57.3618”S, 29°42’52.8032”E; Kavula 4°35’15.8634”S, 29°41’14.2693”E (all longitude w.r.t. Greenwich).

IGN 1962 Kerguelen

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Southern Territories - Kerguelen onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1962_KERGUELEN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6698')

K0 1949.

IGN 1966

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Tahiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1966)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5196')

Fundamental benchmark: RN501

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

IGN 1988 LS

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - Les Saintes.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1988_LS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5210')

Mean sea level 1984 at Terre de Haut. Origin = marker O de -5 with defined height of 1.441m above msl. IGN 1988 LS height 0.00m is 0.46m above 1987 sounding datum; this approximately corresponds with msl at Pointe-à-Pitre (see datum code 5155, CRS 5757).

Orthometric heights.

IGN 1988 MG

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - Marie-Galante.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1988_MG)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5211')

Mean sea level 1987 at Grand-Bourg. Origin = marker M0-I with defined height of 0.832m above msl. IGN 1988 MG height 0.00m is 0.46m above 1987 sounding datum; this approximately corresponds with msl at Pointe-à-Pitre (see datum code 5155, CRS code 5757).

Orthometric heights.

IGN 1988 SB

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - St Barthelemy island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1988_SB)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5213')

Mean sea level 1988 at port of Gustavia. Origin = marker A.ef-2 with defined height of 0.621m above msl. IGN 1988 SB height 0.00m deduced to be 0.201m above mean sea level at Pointe-à-Pitre.

Orthometric heights.

IGN 1988 SM

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - St Martin island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1988_SM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5214')

Mean sea level 1949-1950 deduced at Fort Marigot. Origin = marker AS-13 with defined height of 6.990m above msl. IGN 1988 SM height 0.00m deduced to be 0.41m above sounding datum.

Orthometric heights.

IGN 1992 LD

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - La Desirade.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_1992_LD)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5212')

Mean sea level at Pointe-à-Pitre. Origin = marker A with defined height of 0.792m above msl. IGN 1992 LD height 0.00m is 0.629m above sounding datum at Pointe-à-Pitre.

Orthometric heights. Replaced by IGN 2008 LD (datum code 1250).

IGN 2008 LD

Type: Vertical
Extent: Guadeloupe - onshore - La Desirade.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_2008_LD)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1250')

Mean sea level at Pointe-à-Pitre. Origin = IGN Marker 20A with defined height of 0.50 m above msl of 1987.

Orthometric heights. Replaces IGN 1992 LD (datum code 5212).

IGN Astro 1960

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mauritania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN_ASTRO_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6700')

Realised through a set of independent astronomically-positioned points.

Observed during 1959-1960. Independent points not connected through a network. Relative accuracy estimated at 50-100m. Replaced by Mauritania 1999 (datum code 6702).

IGN53 Mare

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands - Mare.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN53_MARE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6641')

South-east end of the La Roche base.

IGN56 Lifou

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands - Lifou.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN56_LIFOU)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6633')

South end of the Goume base.

IGN63 Hiva Oa

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Marquesas Islands - Hiva Oa and Tahuata.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN63_HIVA_OA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6689')

Fundamental point: Atuona. Latitude: 9°48’27.20”S, longitude: 139°02’15.45”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

IGN72 Grande Terre

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Grande Terre.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN72_GRANDE_TERRE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6634')

North end of Gomen base.

IGN72 Nuku Hiva

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Marquesas Islands - Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka and Ua Pou.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGN72_NUKU_HIVA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6630')

Fundamental point: Taiohae. Latitude: 8°55’03.97”S, longitude: 140°05’36.24”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

IGS00

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGS00)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1245')

Derived from ITRF2000 at epoch 1998.00 through a subset of 54 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1143 through GPS week 1252 (2001-12-02 through 2004-01-10). Replaces IGS97, replaced by IGb00. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2000.

IGS05

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGS05)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1247')

Derived from ITRF2005 at epoch 2000.00 through a subset of 139 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1400 through GPS week 1631 (2006-11-05 to 2011-04-16). Replaces IGb00, replaced by IGb08. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2005.

IGS08

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGS08)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1141')

Derived from ITRF2008 at epoch 2005.00 through a subset of 232 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1632 through GPS week 1708 (2011-04-17 through 2012-10-06). Replaces IGS05. Replaced by IGb08. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2008.

IGS14

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGS14)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1191')

Derived from ITRF2014 at epoch 2010.00 through a subset of 252 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1934 (2017-01-29) through GPS week 2105 (2020-05-16). Replaces IGb08, replaced by IGb14. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2014.

IGS97

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGS97)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1244')

Derived from ITRF97 at epoch 1997.00 through a subset of stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1065 through GPS week 1142 (2000-06-04 to 2001-12-01). Replaced by IGS00. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF97.

IGb00

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGB00)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1246')

Derived from ITRF2000 at epoch 1998.00 through a subset of 99 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1253 through GPS week 1399 (2004-01-11 to 2006-11-04). Replaces IGS00, replaced by IGS05. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2000.

IGb08

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGB08)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1248')

Derived from ITRF2008 at epoch 2005.00 through a subset of 232 stable IGS station coordinates. Preserves the ITRF origin, orientation and scale, but without any distortions introduced from non-GNSS space-geodetic techniques.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 1709 through GPS week 1933 (2012-10-07 to 2017-01-28). Replaces IGS08, replaced by IGS14. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2008.

IGb14

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IGB14)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1272')

Daily IGS combined operational solutions of GPS weeks 730 to 2092. IGb14 is aligned in origin, scale and orientation to IGS14 via a subset of 233 selected stations. As IGS14 is aligned to ITRF2014, IGb14 is also aligned to ITRF2014.

Used for IGS products from GPS week 2106 (2020-05-17). Replaces IGS14. Compared to IGS14, IGb14 benefits from 5 more years of input data, a revised discontinuity list and 9 additional stations. For all practical purposes coincident with ITRF2014.

IRENET95

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IRENET95)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6173')

ETRS89 stations in Ireland

Densification of ETRS89

Ibiza

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Balearic Islands - Ibiza and Formentera - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IBIZA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1277')

Mean Sea Level at Ibiza harbour between January 2003 and December 2005.

Orthometric heights.

Incheon

Type: Vertical
Extent: Republic of Korea (South Korea) - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INCHEON)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1049')

MSL 1913-1916 at Incheon Bay.

Indian 1954

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Myanmar (Burma) - onshore; Thailand - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDIAN_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6239')

Extension of Kalianpur 1937 over Myanmar and Thailand.

Indian 1960

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cambodia - onshore; Vietnam - onshore and offshore Cuu Long basin.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDIAN_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6131')

DMA extension over IndoChina of the Indian 1954 network adjusted to better fit local geoid.

Also known as Indian (DMA Reduced).

Indian 1975

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Thailand - onshore plus offshore Gulf of Thailand.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDIAN_1975)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6240')

Fundamental point: Khau Sakaerang.

Indian Spring Low Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDIAN_SPRING_LOW_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1085')

The level below MSL equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the harmonic constituents M2, S2, K1 and O1. It approximates mean lower low water spring tides (MLLWS).

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of ISLW by specifying location and epoch, for instance “ISLW at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Indonesian Datum 1974

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDONESIAN_DATUM_1974)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6238')

Fundamental point: Padang. Latitude: 0°56’38.414”S, longitude: 100°22’ 8.804”E (of Greenwich). Ellipsoidal height 3.190m, gravity-related height 14.0m above mean sea level.

Replaced by DGN95.

Indonesian Geoid 2020 version 1

Type: Vertical
Extent: Indonesia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDONESIAN_GEOID_2020_VERSION_1)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1294')

Defined by INAGeoid2020 gravimetric geoid model v1 applied to SRGI2013.

Uses gravity data observed to 2019 fitted to control points on Java and Bali.

Indonesian Geoid 2020 version 2

Type: Vertical
Extent: Indonesia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INDONESIAN_GEOID_2020_VERSION_2)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1328')

Defined by INAGeoid2020 gravimetric geoid model v2 applied to SRGI2013.

Uses gravity data observed to 2021 fitted to tide gauge benchmarks across Indonesia.

Instantaneous Water Level

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INSTANTANEOUS_WATER_LEVEL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5113')

Instantaneous water level uncorrected for tide.

Not specific to any location or epoch.

Institut Geographique du Congo Belge 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - Lower Congo (Bas Congo)
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INSTITUT_GEOGRAPHIQUE_DU_CONGO_BELGE_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6701')

Fundamental point: Yella east base. Latitude: 6°00’53.139”S, longitude: 12°58’29.287”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by IGC 1962 Arc of the 6th Parallel South, except for oil industry activities.

International Great Lakes Datum 1955

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada and United States (USA) - Great Lakes basin and St Lawrence Seaway.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_GREAT_LAKES_DATUM_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5204')

Mean water level 1941-1956 at Pointe-au-Père (Father’s Point), Quebec. Benchmark 1248-G = 3.794m.

Dynamic heights. Adopted in 1962. Replaced by IGLD 1985 in January 1992.

International Great Lakes Datum 1985

Type: Vertical
Extent: Canada and United States (USA) - Great Lakes basin and St Lawrence Seaway.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_GREAT_LAKES_DATUM_1985)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5205')

Mean water level 1970-1983 at Pointe-au-Père (Father’s Point) and 1984-1988 at Rimouski, Quebec. Benchmark 1250-G = 6.273m.

Dynamic heights. Replaces IGLD 1955 from January 1992.

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1988

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1988)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6647')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS).

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) at epoch 1988.0. Replaced by ITRF89 (code 6648).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1989)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6648')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1988.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from April 1991. Replaces ITRF88 (code 6647). Replaced by ITRF90 (code 6649).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1990)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6649')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1988.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from December 1991. Replaces ITRF89 (code 6648). Replaced by ITRF91 (code 6650).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1991)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6650')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1988.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from October 1992. Replaces ITRF90 (code 6649). Replaced by ITRF92 (code 6651).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6651')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 287 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1988.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from October 1993. Replaces ITRF91 (code 6650). Replaced by ITRF93 (code 6652).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6652')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1993.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from October 1994. Replaces ITRF92 (code 6651). Replaced by ITRF94 (code 6653).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1994)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6653')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1993.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from March 1996. Replaces ITRF93 (code 6652). Replaced by ITRF96 (code 6654).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6654')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1997.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from May 1998. Replaces ITRF94 (code 6653). Replaced by ITRF97 (code 6655).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6655')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1997.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from May 1999. Replaces ITRF96 (code 6654). Replaced by ITRF2000 (code 6656).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6656')

Origin at geocentre, orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0. Datum defined by a set of 3-dimensional Cartesian station coordinates (SCS) for epoch 1997.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from 2004. Replaces ITRF97 (code 6655). Replaced by ITRF2005 (code 6896).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6896')

Origin at geocentre, originally orientated to the BIH Terrestrial System at epoch 1984.0 then adjusted to ensure zero net rotation to earth’s overall tectonic motion. Defined by time series of Cartesian station coordinates for epoch 2000.0.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from September 2007. Replaces ITRF2000 (code 6656). Replaced by ITRF2008 (datum code 1061).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1061')

Origin at geocentre. The ITRF2008 origin is defined in such a way that there are null translation parameters at epoch 2005.0 and null translation rates between the ITRF2008 and the ILRS SLR time series.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) from 2012. Replaces ITRF2005 (code 6896).

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2014)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1165')

Origin at geocentre. Origin = ILRS SLR long-term solution at epoch 2010.0. Zero scale and scale rate between ITRF2014 and the average of VLBI and SLR scales/rates. Orientation = ITRF2008@ 2010.0 with zero rotation rates between the ITRF2014 and ITRF2008.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). Replaces ITRF2008 (datum code 1061) from January 2016. Replaced by ITRF2020 (datum code 1322) from April 2022.

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_INTERNATIONAL_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2020)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1322')

Origin at geocentre. Origin = ILRS SLR long-term solution at epoch 2015.0. Zero scale and scale rate between ITRF2020 and the average of VLBI and SLR scales/rates. Orientation = ITRF2014@ 2015.0 with zero rotation rates between the ITRF2020 and ITRF2014.

Realization of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). Replaces ITRF2014 (datum code 1165) from April 2022.

Iraq-Kuwait Boundary Datum 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iraq - Kuwait boundary.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IRAQ_KUWAIT_BOUNDARY_DATUM_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6667')

Four stations established between September and December 1991 determined by GPS and Doppler observations.

Iraqi Geospatial Reference System

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iraq - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IRAQI_GEOSPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1029')

ITRF2000 at epoch 1997.0

Islands Net 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iceland - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISLANDS_NET_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6659')

ITRF93 at epoch 1993.6.

Replaced by ISN2004 (datum code 1060).

Islands Net 2004

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iceland - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISLANDS_NET_2004)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1060')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.6.

Replaces ISN93 (datum code 6659). Replaced by ISN2016 (datum code 1087).

Islands Net 2016

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iceland - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISLANDS_NET_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1187')

ITRF2014 at epoch 2016.5.

Replaces ISN2004 from September 2017.

Israel 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore; Palestine Territory - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISRAEL_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6141')

Fundamental point: Latitude: 31°44’03.817”N, longitude: 35°12’16.261”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Palestine 1923 (datum code 6281). Replaced by IGD05 (datum code 1143).

Israeli Geodetic Datum 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISRAELI_GEODETIC_DATUM_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1114')

Defined by coordinates of 13 Active Positioning Network (APN) stations in ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.75. A further five APN stations were added in 2006.

Replaces Israel 1993 (datum code 6141). Replaced by IGD05/12 (datum code 1115).

Israeli Geodetic Datum 2005(2012)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISRAELI_GEODETIC_DATUM_2005_2012)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1115')

Datum updated in 2012 with four APN stations removed from definition. Coordinate epoch remains ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.75.

Replaces IGD05 (datum code 1114).

Istituto Geografico Militaire 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Italy - onshore and offshore; San Marino, Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ISTITUTO_GEOGRAFICO_MILITAIRE_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6670')

Densification of ETRF89 in Italy. Network of 1296 points observed 1992-1995 adjusted in 1996 constrained to 9 ETRF89 points at epoch 1989.0. By April 2021 the framework was composed of 3104 points of the fundamental network and 3819 densification points.

Replaced by RDN2008 (datum code 1132) from 2011-11-10.

Iwo Jima 1945

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - Iwo Jima island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_IWO_JIMA_1945)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6709')

Fundamental point: Beacon “E”.

Jamaica 1875

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Jamaica - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAMAICA_1875)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6241')

Fundamental point: Fort Charles Flagstaff. Latitude: 17°55’55.800”N, longitude: 76°56’37.260”W (of Greenwich).

Jamaica 1969

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Jamaica - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAMAICA_1969)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6242')

Fundamental point: Fort Charles Flagstaff. Latitude: 17°55’55.800”N, longitude: 76°56’37.260”W (of Greenwich).

Jamaica 2001

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Jamaica - onshore and offshore. Includes Morant Cays and Pedro Cays.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAMAICA_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6758')

Aligned to WGS 84.

Jamestown 1971

Type: Vertical
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAMESTOWN_1971)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1175')

MSL at Jamestown 1971 defined through elevation of triangulation station Astro DOS 71/4 Ladder Hill Fort being 267.858 metres above MSL.

Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_GEODETIC_DATUM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6612')

ITRF94 at epoch 1997.0. Fundamental point: Tokyo-Taisho, latitude: 35°39’29.1572”N, longitude: 139°44’28.8759”E (of Greenwich).

Instigated under amendment to the Japanese Surveying Law with effect from April 2002. Replaces Tokyo datum (code 6301). Replaced by JGD2011 (datum code 1128) with effect from 21st October 2011.

Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000 (vertical)

Type: Vertical
Extent: Japan - onshore mainland - Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_GEODETIC_DATUM_2000_VERTICAL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1130')

24.4140 metres above mean sea level Tokyo Bay.

Orthometric heights. Replaces JSLD69 and JSLD72 with effect from April 2002. Replaced by JGD2011 (vertical) (datum code 1131) with effect from 21st October 2011.

Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_GEODETIC_DATUM_2011)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1128')

ITRF94 at epoch 1997.0 except for northern Honshu area impacted by 2011 Tohoku earthquake which is ITRF2008 at epoch 2011.395. Fundamental point: Tokyo-Taisho, latitude: 35°39’29.1572”N, longitude: 139°44’28.8869”E (of Greenwich).

Instigated under amendment to the Japanese Surveying Law with effect from 21st October 2011. Replaces JGD2000 (datum code 6612).

Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011 (vertical)

Type: Vertical
Extent: Japan - onshore mainland - Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_GEODETIC_DATUM_2011_VERTICAL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1131')

24.3900 metres above mean sea level Tokyo Bay.

Orthometric heights. Replaces JGD2000 (vertical) (datum code 1130) with effect from 21st October 2011.

Japanese Standard Levelling Datum 1969

Type: Vertical
Extent: Japan - onshore mainland - Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_STANDARD_LEVELLING_DATUM_1969)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5122')

24.4140 metres above mean sea level Tokyo Bay.

Normal-orthometric heights. Replaces JSLD49. Replaced by JGD2000 (vertical) (datum code 1130) from April 2002.

Japanese Standard Levelling Datum 1972

Type: Vertical
Extent: Japan - onshore mainland - Hokkaido.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JAPANESE_STANDARD_LEVELLING_DATUM_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1129')

Mean sea level Oshoro 1963-72.

Normal-orthometric heights. Replaced by JGD2000 (vertical) (datum code 1130) with effect from April 2002.

Johnston Island 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States Minor Outlying Islands - Johnston Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JOHNSTON_ISLAND_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6725')

Jouik 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mauritania - coastal area north of Cape Timiris.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_JOUIK_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6679')

Replaced by Mauritania 1999 (datum code 6702).

KOC Construction Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Kuwait - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOC_CONSTRUCTION_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5188')

Approximately 1.52m below MSL. Created for the construction of the Mina al Ahmadi refinery.

KOC Well Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Kuwait - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOC_WELL_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5187')

Approximately 3.22m above MSL.

Kalianpur 1880

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bangladesh - onshore; India - mainland onshore; Myanmar (Burma) - onshore; Pakistan - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KALIANPUR_1880)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6243')

Fundamental point: Kalianpur. Latitude: 24°07’11.260”N, longitude: 77°39’17.570”E (of Greenwich).

Includes 1916 extension into Burma (Myanmar). Replaced by 1937 adjustment.

Kalianpur 1937

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bangladesh - onshore; India - mainland onshore; Myanmar - onshore and Moattama area offshore; Pakistan - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KALIANPUR_1937)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6144')

Fundamental point: Kalianpur. Latitude: 24° 07’11.260”N, longitude: 77°39’17.570”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces 1880 adjustment except for topographic mapping. Replaced in Bangladesh and Pakistan by 1962 metrication conversion and in India by 1975 metrication conversion.

Kalianpur 1962

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Pakistan - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KALIANPUR_1962)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6145')

Fundamental point: Kalianpur. Latitude: 24° 07’11.260”N, longitude: 77°39’17.570”E (of Greenwich).

1937 adjustment rescaled by ratio metric conversions of Indian foot (1937) to Indian foot (1962).

Kalianpur 1975

Type: Geodetic
Extent: India - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KALIANPUR_1975)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6146')

Fundamental point: Kalianpur. Latitude: 24° 07’11.260”N, longitude: 77°39’17.570”E (of Greenwich).

1937 adjustment rescaled by ratio metric conversions of Indian foot (1937) to Indian foot (1975).

Kandawala

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sri Lanka - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KANDAWALA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6244')

Fundamental point: Kandawala. Latitude: 7°14’06.838”N, longitude: 79°52’36.670”E.

Karbala 1979

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iraq - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KARBALA_1979)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6743')

Fundamental point: Karbala. Latitude: 32°34’14.4941”N, longitude: 44°00’49.6379”E.

National geodetic network established by Polservice consortium.

Kartastokoordinaattijarjestelma (1966)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Finland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KARTASTOKOORDINAATTIJARJESTELMA_1966)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6123')

Adjustment with fundamental point SF31 based on ED50 transformed to best fit the older VVJ adjustment.

Adopted in 1970.

Kasai 1953

Type: Geodetic
Extent: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - Kasai - south of 5°S and east of 21°30’E.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KASAI_1953)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6696')

Two stations of the Katanga triangulation with ellipsoid change applied: Kabila, latitude 6°58’34.023”S, longitude 23°50’24.028”E (of Greenwich); and Gandajika NW base, latitude 6°45’01.057”S, longitude 23°57’03.038”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by IGC 1962 Arc of the 6th Parallel South.

Katanga 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - Katanga.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KATANGA_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6695')

Fundamental point: Tshinsenda A. Latitude: 12°30’31.568”S, longitude: 28°01’02.971”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces earlier adjustments.

Kertau (RSO)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Malaysia - West Malaysia; Singapore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KERTAU_RSO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6751')

Adopts metric conversion of 0.914398 metres per yard exactly. This is a truncation of the Sears 1922 ratio.

Kertau 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Malaysia - West Malaysia onshore and offshore east coast; Singapore - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KERTAU_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6245')

Fundamental point: Kertau. Latitude: 3°27’50.710”N, longitude: 102°37’24.550”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces MRT48 and earlier adjustments. Adopts metric conversion of 39.370113 inches per metre. Not used for 1969 metrication of RSO grid - see Kertau (RSO) (code 6751).

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Geodetic Reference Frame 2017

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Saudi Arabia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KINGDOM_OF_SAUDI_ARABIA_GEODETIC_REFERENCE_FRAME_2017)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1268')

ITRF2014 at epoch 2017.00.

Realized by 333 GNSS stations in Saudi Arabia aligned to ITRF2014 through core network of 46 stations adjusted to 15 IGS stations.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Vertical Reference Frame Jeddah 2014

Type: Vertical
Extent: Saudi Arabia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KINGDOM_OF_SAUDI_ARABIA_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_JEDDAH_2014)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1269')

Jeddah tide gauge bench mark TGBM-B height of 1.7446m at 2014.75.

Kiunga

Type: Vertical
Extent: Papua New Guinea - onshore south of 5°S and west of 144°E.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KIUNGA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1151')

PSM 9465 at Kiunga Airport. Propagated through bilinear interpolation of EGM2008 geoid model (transformation code 3858) reduced to PSM 9465 by offset of -3.0m.

Korean Datum 1985

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Republic of Korea (South Korea) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOREAN_DATUM_1985)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6162')

Fundamental point: Suwon. Latitude 37°16’31.9034”N, longitude 127°03’05.1451”E of Greenwich. This is consistent with the Tokyo 1918 datum latitude and longitude.

Replaces Tokyo 1918 (datum code 6301). Replaced by Korea 2000 (datum code 6737).

Korean Datum 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Republic of Korea (South Korea) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOREAN_DATUM_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6166')

Kosovo Reference System 2001

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kosovo.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOSOVO_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1251')

Densification of ETRF97 in Kosovo at epoch 2001.25.

First order network of 32 stations connected to 8 EUREF Permanant Network (EPN) stations observed march-April 2001. Densified in 2012.

Kousseri

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cameroon - N’Djamena area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KOUSSERI)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6198')

IGN astronomical station Dabanga; 11°55’05.9”N 14°38’40.8”E (of Greenwich).

Kumul 34

Type: Vertical
Extent: Papua New Guinea - Papuan fold and thrust belt.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KUMUL_34)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1150')

Kumul Platform Station 34. Propagated through bilinear interpolation of EGM96 geoid model (transformation code 10084) reduced to Kumul 34 by offset of -0.87m.

Kusaie 1951

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Federated States of Micronesia - Kosrae (Kusaie).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KUSAIE_1951)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6735')

Kuwait Oil Company

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kuwait - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KUWAIT_OIL_COMPANY)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6246')

Fundamental point: K28. Latitude: 29°03’42.348”N, longitude: 48°08’42.558”E (of Greenwich).

Kuwait PWD

Type: Vertical
Extent: Kuwait - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KUWAIT_PWD)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5186')

Mean Low Low Water (MLLW) at Kuwait City.

Approximately 1.03m below MSL.

Kuwait Utility

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kuwait - Kuwait City.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KUWAIT_UTILITY)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6319')

Kyrgyzstan Geodetic Datum 2006

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kyrgyzstan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_KYRGYZSTAN_GEODETIC_DATUM_2006)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1160')

6 stations of the Kyrgyzstan zero-order network tied to ITRF2005 at epoch 2006.70.

The accuracy in the connection to ITRF2005 is estimated to be 5 mm in horizontal and 10-20 mm in height (95% confidence).

La Canoa

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Venezuela - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LA_CANOA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6247')

Fundamental point: La Canoa. Latitude: 8°34’17.170”N, longitude: 63°51’34.880”W (of Greenwich).

Origin and network incorporated within PSAD56 (datum code 6248).

La Gomera

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - La Gomera onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LA_GOMERA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1282')

Mean Sea Level at San Sebastian de la Gomera harbour.

Orthometric heights.

La Palma

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - La Palma onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LA_PALMA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1283')

Mean Sea Level at Santa Cruz de la Palma harbour in 1997.

Orthometric heights.

Lagos 1955

Type: Vertical
Extent: Nigeria - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LAGOS_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5194')

Mean sea level at Lagos, 1912-1928.

Lake

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Venezuela - Lake Maracaibo area, onshore and offshore in lake.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LAKE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6249')

Fundamental point: Maracaibo Cathedral. Latitude: 10°38’34.678”N, longitude: 71°36’20.224”W (of Greenwich).

Landeshohennetz 1995

Type: Vertical
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LANDESHOHENNETZ_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5128')

Origin at Repere Pierre du Niton (RPN) defined as 373.6 metres above msl. This value derived from msl at Marseille in 1897 through the French Lallemand network.

Orthometric heights. For scientific purposes only, replaces LN02.

Landesnivellement 1902

Type: Vertical
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LANDESNIVELLEMENT_1902)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5127')

Origin at Repere Pierre du Niton (RPN) defined as 373.6 metres above msl. This value derived from msl at Marseille in 1897 through the French Lallemand network.

Levelling observations not corrected for gravity field. For scientific purposes, replaced by LHHN95.

Landshaedarkerfi Islands 2004

Type: Vertical
Extent: Iceland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LANDSHAEDARKERFI_ISLANDS_2004)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1190')

Adjustment is referenced to mean sea level at Reykjavík epoch 2004.6.

Lanzarote

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - Lanzarote onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LANZAROTE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1278')

Mean Sea Level at Naos harbour, Arrecife, between 1994 and 1995.

Orthometric heights.

Lao 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Laos.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LAO_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6677')

Fundamental point: Lao 1982 coordinates of Pakxa pillar. Latitude: 18°23’57.0056”N, longitude: 103°38’41.8020”E (of Greenwich). Orientation parallel with WGS 84.

Replaces Vientiane 1982. Replaced by Lao 1997

Lao National Datum 1997

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Laos.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LAO_NATIONAL_DATUM_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6678')

Fundamental point: Vientiane (Nongteng) Astro Pillar. Latitude: 18°01’31.3480”N, longitude: 102°30’57.1376”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Lao 1993.

Latvia 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Latvia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LATVIA_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6661')

Constrained to 4 ETRS89 points in Latvia from the EUREF Baltic 1992 campaign.

Densification of ETRS89 during the 1992 Baltic campaign.

Latvian Height System 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Latvia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LATVIAN_HEIGHT_SYSTEM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1162')

Latvian realisation of EVRF2007. Observed from 2000-2010 and reduced to epoch 2000.5 using empirical land uplift model of Latvia. EVRF2007 heights of 16 points around Latvia held fixed.

Uses Normal heights.

Le Pouce 1934

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mauritius - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LE_POUCE_1934)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6699')

Fundamental point: Le Pouce. Latitude: 20°11’42.25”S, longitude: 57°31’18.58”E (of Greenwich).

Leigon

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ghana - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LEIGON)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6250')

Fundamental point: GCS Station 121, Leigon. Latitude: 5°38’52.27”N, longitude: 0°11’46.08”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced Accra datum (code 6168) from 1978. Coordinates at Leigon fundamental point defined as Accra datum values for that point.

Lerwick

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Shetland Islands onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LERWICK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5140')

Mean Sea Level at Lerwick 1979 correlated to pre-1900. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights.

Liberia 1964

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liberia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LIBERIA_1964)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6251')

Fundamental point: Robertsfield. Latitude: 6°13’53.02”N, longitude: 10°21’35.44”W (of Greenwich).

Libyan Geodetic Datum 2006

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Libya - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LIBYAN_GEODETIC_DATUM_2006)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6754')

5 stations tied to ITRF2000 through 8 days of continuous observations in May 2006.

Replaces ELD79.

Lisbon 1890

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LISBON_1890)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6666')

Fundamental point: Castelo Sao Jorge, Lisbon. Latitude: 38°42’43.631”N, longitude: 9°07’54.862”W of Greenwich.

Replaced by Lisbon 1937 adjustment (which uses International 1924 ellipsoid).

Lisbon 1890 (Lisbon)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LISBON_1890_LISBON)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6904')

Fundamental point: Castelo Sao Jorge, Lisbon. Latitude: 38°42’43.631”N, longitude: 0°E (of Lisbon).

Replaced by Lisbon 1937 adjustment (which uses International 1924 ellipsoid).

Lisbon 1937

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LISBON_1937)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6207')

Fundamental point: Castelo Sao Jorge, Lisbon. Latitude: 38°42’43.631”N, longitude: 9°07’54.862”W (of Greenwich).

Replaces Lisbon 1890 adjustment (which used Bessel 1841 ellipsoid).

Lisbon 1937 (Lisbon)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - mainland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LISBON_1937_LISBON)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6803')

Fundamental point: Castelo Sao Jorge, Lisbon. Latitude: 38°42’43.631”N, longitude: 0°E (of Lisbon).

Replaces Lisbon 1890 adjustment (which used Bessel 1841 ellipsoid).

Lithuania 1994 (ETRS89)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Lithuania - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LITHUANIA_1994_ETRS89)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6126')

Constrained to 4 ETRS89 points in Lithuania from the EUREF Baltic 1992 campaign.

Densification of ETRS89 during the 1992 Baltic campaign.

Lithuanian Height System 2007

Type: Vertical
Extent: Lithuania - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LITHUANIAN_HEIGHT_SYSTEM_2007)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1299')

Lithuanian realisation of EVRF2007. EVRF2007 heights of 10 points in Lithuania held fixed.

Uses Normal heights.

Little Cayman Vertical Datum 1961

Type: Vertical
Extent: Cayman Islands - Little Cayman.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LITTLE_CAYMAN_VERTICAL_DATUM_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1098')

Local Tidal Datum at Pago Pago 2020

Type: Vertical
Extent: American Samoa - Tutuila island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOCAL_TIDAL_DATUM_AT_PAGO_PAGO_2020)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1302')

MSL at Pago Pago 2011–2016.

Normal-orthometric heights. Replaces ASVD02 (datum code 1125) in March 2020 after the ASVD02 benchmarks were destroyed by earthquake activity.

Locodjo 1965

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOCODJO_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6142')

Fundamental point: T5 Banco. Latitude: 5°18’50.5”N, longitude: 4°02’05.1”W (of Greenwich).

Loma Quintana

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Venezuela - onshore north of approximately 7°45’N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOMA_QUINTANA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6288')

Fundamental point: Loma Quintana.

Replaced by La Canoa (code 6247).

Lome

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Togo - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6252')

Low Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOW_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1093')

The lowest level reached by the water surface in one tidal cycle. When used in inland (non-tidal) waters it is generally defined as a level which the daily mean water level would fall below less than 5% of the time.

On a river it is a sloping surface. Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of low water by specifying location and epoch, for instance “Low water at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Lower Low Water Large Tide

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOWER_LOW_WATER_LARGE_TIDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1083')

The average of the lowest low waters, one from each of 19 years of observations.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of LLWLT by specifying location and epoch, for instance “LLWLT at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Lowest Astronomical Tide

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOWEST_ASTRONOMICAL_TIDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1080')

The lowest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of LAT by specifying location and epoch, for instance “LAT at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Lowest Astronomical Tide Netherlands

Type: Vertical
Extent: Netherlands - offshore North Sea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LOWEST_ASTRONOMICAL_TIDE_NETHERLANDS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1290')

Surface defined through the nllat hydroid model applied to ETRS89.

The lowest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions.

Luxembourg Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Luxembourg.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LUXEMBOURG_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6181')

Fundamental point of 1930 triangulation: northern station of Habay-la-Neuve baseline in Belgium. Latitude: 49°43’24.408”N, longitude: 5°38’22.470”E (of Greenwich). Since 2006 LUREF has been realized by GNSS station positions and transformation from ETRF.

The transformation from ETRF 2000 first defining LUREF in 2006 has been recomputed in 2014 and 2020.

Luzon 1911

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Philippines - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LUZON_1911)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6253')

Fundamental point: Balacan. Latitude: 13°33’41.000”N, longitude: 121°52’03.000”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Philippine Reference system of 1992 (datum code 6683).

Lyon Turin Ferroviaire 2004

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France and Italy - on or related to the rail route from Lyon to Turin.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LYON_TURIN_FERROVIAIRE_2004)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1295')

Densification of ETRS89 realised through network of 40 stations adjusted to 7 EUREF reference stations in ETRF2000@2002.0.

Lyttelton 1937

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - South Island - between approximately 41°20’S and 45°S - Lyttleton vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_LYTTELTON_1937)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5161')

MSL at Lyttelton harbour over 9 years between 1918 and 1933.

M’poraloko

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Gabon - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MPORALOKO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6266')

MGI 1901

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia - onshore; Kosovo; Montenegro - onshore; North Macedonia; Serbia; Slovenia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MGI_1901)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1031')

Fundamental point: Hermannskogel. Latitude: 48°16’15.29”N, longitude: 16°17’55.04”E (of Greenwich).

The longitude of the datum origin equates to the Albrecht 1902 value for the Ferro meridian of 17°39’46.02” west of Greenwich. Densified in 1948.

MML07 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the Midland Mainline rail route from Sheffield to London.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MML07_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1271')

Defined through the application of the MML07 NTv2 transformation (code 9369) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2020 to support intermediate CRS “MML07-IRF” in the emulation of the MML07 Snake map projection.

MOLDOR11 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from Manchester via Ordsall Lane and the Hope Valley to Dore Junction.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOLDOR11_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1315')

Defined through the application of the MOLDOR11 NTv2 transformation (code 9878) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2021 to support intermediate CRS “MOLDOR11-IRF” in the emulation of the MOLDOR11 Snake map projection.

MOLDREF99

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Moldova.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOLDREF99)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1032')

Densification of ETRS89.

MOMRA Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Saudi Arabia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOMRA_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_FRAME_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1218')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.00.

13 CORS Fiducial Stations linked to 7 IGS stations by 10-day long GPS survey.

MOMRA Vertical Geodetic Control

Type: Vertical
Extent: Saudi Arabia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOMRA_VERTICAL_GEODETIC_CONTROL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1219')

Mean sea level Jeddah 1969.

MOP78

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Wallis and Futuna - Wallis.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOP78)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6639')

MRH21 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to Midland Rail Hub, covering routes through Cardiff, Bristol, Gloucester, Derby, Birmingham, Leicester, and Lincoln.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MRH21_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1314')

Defined through the application of the MRH21 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2021 to support intermediate CRS “MRH21-IRF” in the emulation of the MRH21 Snake map projection.

MWC18 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the rail route from Manchester via Wigan and Liverpool to Chester.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MWC18_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1324')

Defined through the application of the MWC18 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2022 to support intermediate CRS “MWC18” in the emulation of the MWC18 Snake map projection.

Macao 1920

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Macao - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MACAO_1920)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1207')

Fundamental point: Avenida Conselheiro Borja base A, later transferred to Monte da Barra, latitude 22°11’03.139”N, longitude 113°31’43.625”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Macao 1907. In 1955 an adjustment made in 1940 was assessed to have unresolvable conflicts and the 1920 adjustment was reinstated.

Macao Geodetic Datum 2008

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - Macao - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MACAO_GEODETIC_DATUM_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1208')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2008.38.

Locally sometimes referred to as ITRF2005, this is not strictly correct as it applies only at epoch 2008.38 and ignores subsequent tectonic plate motion.

Macao Height Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: China - Macao - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MACAO_HEIGHT_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1210')

Mean sea level Ma Kau Seak 1925-1964.

Madrid 1870 (Madrid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Spain - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MADRID_1870_MADRID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6903')

Fundamental point: Retiro observatory, Madrid.

Replaced by ED50.

Madzansua

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mozambique - west - Tete province.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MADZANSUA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6128')

Fundamental point: Madzansua.

Replaced by transformation to Tete datum (datum code 6127).

Mahe 1971

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Seychelles - Mahe Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAHE_1971)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6256')

Fundamental point: Station SITE. Latitude: 4°40’14.644”S, longitude: 55°28’44.488”E (of Greenwich).

South East Island 1943 (datum code 1138) used for topographic mapping, cadastral and hydrographic survey.

Makassar

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - south west Sulawesi.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAKASSAR)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6257')

Fundamental point: station P1, Moncongloe. Latitude: 5°08’41.42”S, long 119°24’14.94”E (of Greenwich).

Makassar (Jakarta)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - south west Sulawesi.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAKASSAR_JAKARTA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6804')

Fundamental point: station P1, Moncongloe. Latitude 5°08’41.42”S, longitude 12°35’47.15”E (of Jakarta).

Malin Head

Type: Vertical
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MALIN_HEAD)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5130')

Mean sea level between January 1960 and December 1969. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights.

Mallorca

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Balearic Islands - Mallorca onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MALLORCA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1275')

Mean Sea Level at Palma de Mallorca harbour between April 1997 and December 2006.

Orthometric heights.

Malongo 1987

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola (Cabinda) - offshore; The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MALONGO_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6259')

Fundamental point: Station Y at Malongo base camp. Latitude: 5°23’30.810”S, longitude: 12°12’01.590”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced Mhast (offshore) (code 6705) in 1987. Origin coordinates constrained to those of Mhast (offshore) but other station coordinates differ. References to “Mhast” since 1987 often should have stated “Malongo 1987”.

Manoca 1962

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cameroon - coastal area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MANOCA_1962)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6193')

Reservoir centre at the Manoca tower (“tube Suel”), 3°51’49.896”N, 9°36’49.347”E (of Greenwich).

The intent of the Bukavu 1953 conference was to adopt the Clarke 1880 (RGS) ellipsoid (code 7012) but in practice this datum has used the IGN version. Replaces Douala 1948 (code 6192).

Maputo

Type: Vertical
Extent: Mozambique - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAPUTO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5121')

Mean sea level at Maputo.

Marco Geocentrico Nacional de Referencia

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Colombia - onshore and offshore. Includes San Andres y Providencia, Malpelo Islands, Roncador Bank, Serrana Bank and Serranilla Bank.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARCO_GEOCENTRICO_NACIONAL_DE_REFERENCIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6686')

Densification of SIRGAS95 (ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4) in Colombia. Bogota observatory coordinates: Latitude: 4°35’46.3215”N, longitude: 74°04’39.0285”W (of Greenwich).

Densification of SIRGAS 1995 within Colombia. Replaces Bogota 1975 (datum code 6218).

Marco Geodesico Nacional de Bolivia

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Bolivia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARCO_GEODESICO_NACIONAL_DE_BOLIVIA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1063')

IGS05 (ITRF2005) at epoch 2010.2. Densification of SIRGAS95 network in Bolivia, consisting of 125 passive geodetic stations and 8 continuous recording GPS stations.

Densification of SIRGAS 1995 within Bolivia. Replaces PSAD56 (datum code 6248) in Bolivia.

Marcus Island 1952

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - onshore - Tokyo-to south of 28°N and east of 143°E - Minamitori-shima (Marcus Island).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARCUS_ISLAND_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6711')

Marcus Island Astronomic Station.

Marshall Islands 1960

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Marshall Islands - onshore. Wake atoll onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARSHALL_ISLANDS_1960)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6732')

Martinique 1938

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Martinique - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARTINIQUE_1938)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6625')

Fundamental point: Fort Desaix. Latitude: 14°36’54.090”N, longitude: 61°04’04.030”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RRAF 1991 (datum code 1047).

Martinique 1955

Type: Vertical
Extent: Martinique - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARTINIQUE_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5192')

Mean sea level at Fort de France 1939. Marker DO-4-II on quay wall with elevation of 1.38m above msl.

Orthometric heights. Replaced by Martinique 1987 (datum code 5154).

Martinique 1987

Type: Vertical
Extent: Martinique - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MARTINIQUE_1987)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5154')

Mean sea level 1939 at Fort de France. Origin = marker Nbc2 on rebuilt quay wall with defined elevation of 1.38m above msl. Martinique 1987 height 0.00m is 0.56m above SHOM sounding datum.

Orthometric heights. Replaces Martinique 1955 (datum code 5192).

Massawa

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Eritrea - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MASSAWA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6262')

Maupiti 83

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Maupiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAUPITI_83)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6692')

Fundamental point: Pitiahe South Base. Latitude: 16°28’28.942”S, longitude: 152°14’55.059”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

Maupiti SAU 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Maupiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAUPITI_SAU_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5199')

Fundamental benchmark: RN11

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

Mauritania 1999

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mauritania - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAURITANIA_1999)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6702')

ITRF96 at epoch 1997.0

A network of 36 GPS stations tied to ITRF96, 8 of which are IGN 1962 astronomic points.

Mayotte 1950

Type: Vertical
Extent: Mayotte - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MAYOTTE_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5191')

IGN 1950 marker (height 0.0m) on southwest jetty at Dzaoudzi (Petite-Terre) is 2.18m above zero of tide gauge. SHOM 1953 marker on east (Issoufali) jetty at Dzaoudzi (height 4.74m) is the base for Mayotte heights.

Datum transferred to benchmark RN0 with height of 2.774m above tide gauge on eastern jetty at Mamoudzou (Grand-Terre) in 1979.

Mean High Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_HIGH_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1092')

The average height of the high waters at a place over a 19-year period.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MHW by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MHW at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean High Water Spring Tides

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_HIGH_WATER_SPRING_TIDES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1088')

The average height of the high waters of spring tides.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MHWS by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MHWS at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Higher High Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_HIGHER_HIGH_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1090')

The average height of the higher high waters at a place over a 19-year period.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MHHW by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MHHW at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Low Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_LOW_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1091')

The average height of all low waters at a place over a 19-year period.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MLW by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MLW at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Low Water Spring Tides

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_LOW_WATER_SPRING_TIDES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1087')

The average height of the low waters of spring tides.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MLWS by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MLWS at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Lower Low Water

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_LOWER_LOW_WATER)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1089')

The average height of the lower low waters at a place over a 19-year period.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MLLW by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MLLW at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Lower Low Water Spring Tides

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_LOWER_LOW_WATER_SPRING_TIDES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1086')

The average height of the lower low water spring tides at a place.

Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MLLWS by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MLLWS at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Sea Level

Type: Vertical
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_SEA_LEVEL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5100')

The average height of the surface of the sea at a tide station for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period, usually determined from hourly height readings measured from a fixed predetermined reference level.

Approximates geoid. Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define explicit realizations of MSL by specifying location and epoch, for instance “MSL at xxx during yyyy-yyyy”.

Mean Sea Level Netherlands

Type: Vertical
Extent: Netherlands - offshore North Sea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEAN_SEA_LEVEL_NETHERLANDS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1270')

Surface defined through the nlgeo geoid model applied to ETRS89.

Coincides with NAP datum plane. Approximates physical mean sea surface to a few decimetres.

Menorca

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Balearic Islands - Menorca onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MENORCA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1276')

Mean Sea Level at Ciutadella harbour between June 2007 and June 2008.

Orthometric heights.

Merchich

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Africa - Morocco and Western Sahara - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MERCHICH)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6261')

Fundamental point: Merchich. Latitude: 33°26’59.672”N, longitude: 7°33’27.295”W (of Greenwich).

Mexico ITRF2008

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mexico - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEXICO_ITRF2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1120')

ITRF2008 at epoch 2010.00.

Realised by a frame of 15 active GPS stations observed and adjusted in the ITRF2008. Includes ties to tide gauges. Replaces Mexico ITRF92 (datum code 1042).

Mexico ITRF92

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mexico - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MEXICO_ITRF92)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1042')

ITRF1992 at epoch 1988.00.

Realized by a frame of 15 active GPS stations observed and adjusted in the ITRF1992. Includes ties to tide gauges. Replaces NAD27 (datum code 6267). Replaced by Mexico ITRF2008 (datum code 1120) from December 2010.

Mhast (offshore)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola (Cabinda) - offshore; The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MHAST_OFFSHORE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6705')

Fundamental point: Station Y at Malongo base camp. Latitude: 5°23’30.810”S, longitude: 12°12’01.590”E (of Greenwich).

Origin coordinates determined by Transit single point position using 32 passes and transformed from WGS72BE using transformation code 15790. Differs from Mhast (onshore) by approximately 10m. Replaced in 1987 by Malongo 1987 (code 6259).

Mhast (onshore)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola (Cabinda) - onshore and offshore; The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - onshore coastal area and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MHAST_ONSHORE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6704')

Probably adopted a Mhast 1951 coordinate set but associated an incorrect ellipsoid with it.

Adopted by oil industry with intention of being Mhast 1951 (code 6703) but incorrectly (for Mhast 1951) used the International 1924 ellipsoid. This datum differs by about 400 metres from the Portuguese Mhast 1951 and Camacupa datums.

Midway 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States Minor Outlying Islands - Midway Islands - Sand Island and Eastern Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MIDWAY_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6727')

Militar-Geographische Institut

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Austria.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MILITAR_GEOGRAPHISCHE_INSTITUT)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6312')

Fundamental point: Hermannskogel. Latitude: 48°16’15.29”N, longitude: 16°17’41.06”E (of Greenwich).

The longitude of the datum origin equates to a value for the Ferro meridian of 17°40’ exactly west of Greenwich.

Militar-Geographische Institut (Ferro)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Austria. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatia - onshore. Kosovo. Montenegro - onshore. North Macedonia. Serbia. Slovenia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MILITAR_GEOGRAPHISCHE_INSTITUT_FERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6805')

Fundamental point: Hermannskogel. Latitude: 48°16’15.29”N, longitude: 33°57’41.06”E (of Ferro).

Replaced by MGI in Austria and MGI 1901 in former Yugoslavia.

Ministerio de Marina Norte

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - Tierra del Fuego onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MINISTERIO_DE_MARINA_NORTE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1258')

Developed by the Servicio de Hidrografia Naval.

Ministerio de Marina Sur

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - Tierra del Fuego onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MINISTERIO_DE_MARINA_SUR)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1259')

Developed by the Servicio de Hidrografia Naval.

Minna

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Nigeria - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MINNA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6263')

Fundamental point: Minna base station L40. Latitude: 9°38’08.87”N, longitude: 6°30’58.76”E (of Greenwich).

Missao Hidrografico Angola y Sao Tome 1951

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola - Cabinda.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MISSAO_HIDROGRAFICO_ANGOLA_Y_SAO_TOME_1951)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6703')

Extension of Camacupa datum into Cabinda.

A variation of this datum has been adopted by the oil industry but incorrectly using the International 1924 ellipsoid and not tied to the official Portuguese triangulation - see Mhast (onshore) and Mhast (offshore) (codes 6704 and 6705).

Monte Mario

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Italy - onshore and offshore; San Marino, Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MONTE_MARIO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6265')

Fundamental point: Monte Mario. Latitude: 41°55’25.51”N, longitude: 12°27’08.4”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced Genova datum, Bessel 1841 ellipsoid, from 1940.

Monte Mario (Rome)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Italy - onshore and offshore; San Marino, Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MONTE_MARIO_ROME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6806')

Fundamental point: Monte Mario. Latitude: 41°55’25.51”N, longitude: 0°00’ 00.00”E (of Rome).

Replaced Genova datum, Bessel 1841 ellipsoid, from 1940.

Montserrat 1958

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Montserrat - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MONTSERRAT_1958)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6604')

Fundamental point: station M36.

Moorea 87

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Moorea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOOREA_87)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6691')

Two stations on Tahiti whose coordinates from the Tahiti 1979 adjustment were held fixed.

Replaces Tahiti 52 (datum code 6628) in Moorea. Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

Moorea SAU 1981

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Moorea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOOREA_SAU_1981)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5197')

Fundamental benchmark: RN225

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

Moturiki 1953

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Moturiki vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOTURIKI_1953)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5162')

MSL at Moturiki Island February 1949 to December 1952.

Mount Dillon

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Trinidad and Tobago - Tobago - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOUNT_DILLON)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6157')

Fundamental point: Mount Dillon triangulation station. Latitude: 11°15’07.843”N, longitude: 60°41’09.632”W (of Greenwich).

Moznet (ITRF94)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mozambique - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_MOZNET_ITRF94)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6130')

ITRF94 at epoch 1996.9

N2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Finland - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_N2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1030')

Height at Metsaahovi (latitude 60.21762°N, longitude 24.39517°E) of 54.4233m related to EVRF2000 origin through Baltic Levelling Ring adjustment at epoch 2000.0.

Realized through the third precise levelling network. Uses normal heights. Replaces N43 and N60 (datum codes 1213 and 5116). To account for isostatic land uplift use NKG2005 model.

NAD83 (Continuously Operating Reference Station 1996)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Puerto Rico - onshore and offshore. United States (USA) onshore and offshore - Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming. US Virgin Islands - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_REFERENCE_STATION_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1133')

Defined by time-dependent transformations from ITRF (see CT codes 6864-6866). The ITRF realization used has been changed periodically; ITRF96 in years 1997 through 1999, ITRF97 in 2000 and 2001 and ITRF2000 from 2002.

Replaced by NAD83(2011) from 2011-09-06.

NAD83 (Federal Base Network)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: American Samoa - Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olesega, Ta’u and Rose islands - onshore. Guam - onshore. Northern Mariana Islands - onshore. Puerto Rico - onshore. United States (USA) - CONUS - Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming - onshore plus Gulf of Mexico offshore continental shelf (GoM OCS). US Virgin Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_FEDERAL_BASE_NETWORK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1211')

A collection of individual state-wide adjustments including GPS observations made between 1997 and 2004.

In CA CT FL ID MA ME MT NC NH NJ NV NY OR RI SC TN VT WA and WI, replaces the early 1990s HARN adjustment. In rest of CONUS the difference between the HARN and FBN adjustments was under 5cm and the original HARN adjustments were adopted as NAD83(FBN).

NAD83 (High Accuracy Reference Network - Corrected)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_HIGH_ACCURACY_REFERENCE_NETWORK_CORRECTED)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1212')

In PRVI replaces NAD83(HARN) to correct errors. Replaced by NAD83(FBN).

NAD83 (High Accuracy Reference Network)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: American Samoa - onshore - Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olesega, Ta’u and Rose islands. Guam - onshore. Northern Mariana Islands - onshore. Puerto Rico - onshore. United States (USA) - onshore Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming; offshore Gulf of Mexico continental shelf (GoM OCS). US Virgin Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_HIGH_ACCURACY_REFERENCE_NETWORK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6152')

A collection of individual state-wide adjustments including GPS observations made between 1991 and 1996.

In CONUS, American Samoa and Guam replaced by NAD83(FBN). In Alaska replaced by NAD83(NSRS2007). In Hawaii replaced by NAD83(PA11). In Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands replaced by NAD83(HARN Corrected).

NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2007)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Puerto Rico - onshore and offshore. United States (USA) onshore and offshore - Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming. US Virgin Islands - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_NATIONAL_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_2007)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6759')

Coordinates of 486 national continually operating reference system (CORS) and 195 collaborative GPS (CGPS) sites constrained to their CORS96 values, ITRF2000 at epoch 2002.0.

Replaced by NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2011), datum code 1116.

NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2011)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Puerto Rico - onshore and offshore. United States (USA) onshore and offshore - Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming. US Virgin Islands - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_NATIONAL_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_2011)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1116')

Coordinates of a nationwide adjustment of 79,546 NGS “passive” control stations in CONUS and Alaska, constrained to 1,171 current CORS station coordinates at epoch 2010.0.

Replaces NAD83(NSRS2007). Transformaton code 7807 from ITRF2008 is understood to underlay the CORS station coordinates.

NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System MA11)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and Palau; onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_NATIONAL_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_MA11)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1118')

Coordinates of a nationwide adjustment including 171 NGS “passive” control stations constrained to 24 current Pacific CORS station coordinates at epoch 2010.0.

Replaces NAD83(HARN) (GGN93) and NAD83(FBN) in Guam. ITRF2008 is understood to underlay the latest CORS station coordinates.

NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System PA11)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: American Samoa, Marshall Islands, United States (USA) - Hawaii, United States minor outlying islands; onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_NATIONAL_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_PA11)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1117')

Coordinates of a nationwide adjustment including 345 NGS “passive” control stations constrained to 24 current Pacific CORS station coordinates at epoch 2010.0.

Replaces NAD83(HARN) and NAD83(FBN) in Hawaii and American Samoa. ITRF2008 is understood to underlay the latest CORS station coordinates.

NAD83 Canadian Spatial Reference System

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAD83_CANADIAN_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6140')

Includes all versions of NAD83(CSRS) from v2 [CSRS98] onwards without specific identification. As such it has an accuracy of approximately 1m.

NEA74 Noumea

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Grande Terre - Noumea district.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEA74_NOUMEA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6644')

Noumea old signal station.

NGO 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Norway - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NGO_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6273')

Fundamental point: Oslo observatory. Latitude: 59°54’43.7”N, longitude: 10°43’22.5”E (of Greenwich).

NGO 1948 (Oslo)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Norway - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NGO_1948_OSLO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6817')

Fundamental point: Oslo observatory. Latitude: 59°54’43.7”N, longitude: 0°00’00.0”E (of Oslo).

NSWC 9Z-2

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NSWC_9Z_2)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6276')

Transit precise ephemeris before 1991.

Nahrwan 1934

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iraq - onshore; Iran - onshore northern Gulf coast and west bordering southeast Iraq.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAHRWAN_1934)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6744')

Fundamental point: Nahrwan south base. Latitude: 33°19’10.87”N, longitude: 44°43’25.54”E (of Greenwich).

This adjustment later discovered to have a significant orientation error. In Iran replaced by FD58. In Iraq, replaced by Karbala 1979.

Nahrwan 1967

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Arabian Gulf; Qatar - offshore; United Arab Emirates (UAE) - Abu Dhabi; Dubai; Sharjah; Ajman; Fujairah; Ras Al Kaimah; Umm Al Qaiwain - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAHRWAN_1967)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6270')

Fundamental point: Nahrwan south base. Latitude: 33°19’10.87”N, longitude: 44°43’25.54”E (of Greenwich).

Nakhl-e Ghanem

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iran - Kangan district.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAKHL_E_GHANEM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6693')

Coordinates of two stations determined with respect to ITRF 2000 at epoch 2005.2: BMT1 latitude 27°42’09.8417”N, longitude 52°12’11.0362”E (of Greenwich); Total1 latitude 27°31’03.8896”N, longitude 52°36’13.1312”E (of Greenwich).

Naparima 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAPARIMA_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6158')

Fundamental point: Naparima. Latitude: 10°16’44.860”N, longitude: 61°27’34.620”W (of Greenwich).

Extended to Tobago as Naparima 1972. (Note: Naparima 1972 is not used in Trinidad).

Naparima 1972

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Trinidad and Tobago - Tobago - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAPARIMA_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6271')

Fundamental point: Naparima. Latitude: 10°16’44.860”N, longitude: 61°27’34.620”W (of Greenwich).

Naparima 1972 is an extension to Tobago of the Naparima 1955 network of Trinidad.

Napier 1962

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Hawkes Bay meridional circuit and Napier vertical crs area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NAPIER_1962)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5163')

MSL at Napier harbour. Period of derivation unknown.

National Geodetic Network

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kuwait - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_NETWORK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6318')

Replaces 1984 adjustment which used the WGS72 ellipsoid.

National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929

Type: Vertical
Extent: United States (USA) - CONUS onshore - Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_VERTICAL_DATUM_1929)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5102')

26 tide gauges in the US and Canada.

Normal orthometric heights.

National Vertical Datum 1992

Type: Vertical
Extent: Bangladesh - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NATIONAL_VERTICAL_DATUM_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1303')

Mean Sea Level 1992-1994 at tidal station at Rangadia, Chittagong.

Nelson 1955

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - South Island - north of approximately 42°20’S - Nelson vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NELSON_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5164')

MSL at Nelson harbour 1939-1942.

Nepal 1981

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Nepal.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEPAL_1981)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1111')

Fundamental point: Station 12/157 Nagarkot. Latitude: 27°41’31.04”N, longitude: 85°31’20.23”E (of Greenwich).

New Beijing

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEW_BEIJING)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1045')

Derived by conformal transformation of Xian 1980 adjustment onto Krassowsky ellipsoid.

From 1982 replaces Beijing 1954.

New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Zealand - North Island, South Island, Stewart Island - onshore and nearshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEW_ZEALAND_GEODETIC_DATUM_1949)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6272')

Fundamental point: Papatahi. Latitude: 41°19’ 8.900”S, longitude: 175°02’51.000”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (code 6167) from March 2000.

New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Zealand - onshore and offshore. Includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Chatham Islands, Cambell Island, Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island and Snares Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEW_ZEALAND_GEODETIC_DATUM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6167')

Based on ITRF96 at epoch 2000.0

Replaces New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949 (code 6272) and Chatham Islands Datum 1979 (code 6673) from March 2000.

New Zealand Vertical Datum 2009

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - onshore and offshore. Includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Chatham Islands, Cambell Island, Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island and Snares Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEW_ZEALAND_VERTICAL_DATUM_2009)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1039')

New Zealand Quasigeoid 2009 which is defined by the application of the NZ geoid 2009 grid to NZGD2000 ellipsoidal heights. See transformation code 4459.

New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - onshore and offshore. Includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Chatham Islands, Cambell Island, Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island and Snares Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NEW_ZEALAND_VERTICAL_DATUM_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1169')

New Zealand quasigeoid 2016 which is defined by the application of the NZ geoid 2016 grid to NZGD2000 ellipsoidal heights. See transformation code 7840.

Nivellement General Guyanais 1977

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Guiana - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_GUYANAIS_1977)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5153')

Mean sea level 1936 at Cayenne. Origin = marker BM35 on stone on St Francois battery, Cayenne, with defined elevation of 1.64m above msl. NGG1977 height 0.00m is 1.96m above sounding datum defined at Cayenne in 1936 by SHM.

Orthometric heights.

Nivellement General de Nouvelle Caledonie

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Caledonia - Grande Terre.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_NOUVELLE_CALEDONIE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5151')

Rivet AB01 established by SHOM (Service Hydrographique de la Marine) in 1937 on the Quai des Volontaires in Noumea. Height i: 1.885 metre above mean sea level.

Orthometric heights.

Nivellement General de Nouvelle Caledonie 2008

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Caledonia - Belep, Grande Terre, Ile des Pins, Loyalty Islands (Lifou, Mare, Ouvea).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_NOUVELLE_CALEDONIE_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1255')

Normal heights.

Nivellement General de Polynesie Francaise

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Bora Bora, Huahine, Maupiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa and Tahiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_POLYNESIE_FRANCAISE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5195')

The collection of heterogeneous levelling networks throughout the Society Islands of French Polynesia.

Nivellement General de la Corse 1948

Type: Vertical
Extent: France - Corsica onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_LA_CORSE_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5189')

Mean sea level at Ajaccio between 1912 and 1937.

Replaced by IGN78 Corsica (datum 5120).

Nivellement General de la France - IGN69

Type: Vertical
Extent: France - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_LA_FRANCE_IGN69)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5119')

Rivet number M.ac O-VIII on the Marseille tide gauge site, with the height fixed in 1897 at 1.661 metre above mean sea level between February 2nd 1885 and January 1st 1897.

Uses Normal heights.

Nivellement General de la France - IGN78

Type: Vertical
Extent: France - Corsica onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_LA_FRANCE_IGN78)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5120')

Marker MM3 situated on the tide gauge site of Ajaccio. Height is 3.640 metre above mean sea level.

Uses Normal heights. Replaces NGC (datum code 5189).

Nivellement General de la France - Lallemand

Type: Vertical
Extent: France - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DE_LA_FRANCE_LALLEMAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5118')

Rivet number M.ac O-VIII on the Marseille tide gauge site, with the height fixed in 1897 at 1.661 metre above mean sea level between February 2nd 1885 and January 1st 1897.

Orthometric heights.

Nivellement General du Luxembourg 1995

Type: Vertical
Extent: Luxembourg.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NIVELLEMENT_GENERAL_DU_LUXEMBOURG_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5172')

Reference point Wemperhardt defined as 528.030m above Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). Datum at NAP is mean high tide in 1684. Network adjusted in 1995.

Pseudo-orthometric heights.

Nord Sahara 1959

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Algeria - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORD_SAHARA_1959)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6307')

Coordinates of primary network readjusted on ED50 datum and then transformed conformally to Clarke 1880 (RGS) ellipsoid.

Adjustment includes Morocco and Tunisia but use only in Algeria. Within Algeria the adjustment is north of 32°N but use has been extended southwards in many disconnected projects, some based on independent astro stations rather than the geodetic network.

Normaal Amsterdams Peil

Type: Vertical
Extent: Netherlands - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORMAAL_AMSTERDAMS_PEIL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5109')

Mean high tide at Amsterdam in 1684. Onshore NAP is defined by the published heights of benchmarks and since 2018 extended offshore defined by the application of the official transformation from ETRS89, RDNAPTRANS(TM).

Orthometric heights. From 2018, use has been extended from Netherlands onshore to Netherlands onshore and offshore.

North American Datum 1927

Type: Geodetic
Extent: North and central America: Antigua and Barbuda - onshore. Bahamas - onshore plus offshore over internal continental shelf only. Belize - onshore. British Virgin Islands - onshore. Canada onshore - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan and Yukon - plus offshore east coast. Cuba - onshore and offshore. El Salvador - onshore. Guatemala - onshore. Honduras - onshore. Panama - onshore. Puerto Rico - onshore. Mexico - onshore plus offshore east coast. Nicaragua - onshore. United States (USA) onshore and offshore - Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming - plus offshore . US Virgin Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1927)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6267')

Fundamental point: Meade’s Ranch. Latitude: 39°13’26.686”N, longitude: 98°32’30.506”W (of Greenwich).

In United States (USA) and Canada, replaced by North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) (code 6269) ; in Mexico, replaced by Mexican Datum of 1993 (code 1042).

North American Datum 1927 (1976)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - Ontario.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1927_1976)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6608')

Fundamental point: Meade’s Ranch. Latitude: 39°13’26.686”N, longitude: 98°32’30.506”W (of Greenwich).

NAD27(76) used in Ontario for all maps at scale 1/20 000 and larger; elsewhere in Canada for selected purposes.

North American Datum 1927 (CGQ77)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - Quebec.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1927_CGQ77)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6609')

Fundamental point: Meade’s Ranch. Latitude: 39°13’26.686”N, longitude: 98°32’30.506”W (of Greenwich).

NAD27 (CGQ77) used in Quebec for all maps at scale 1/20 000 and larger; generally for maps issued by the Quebec cartography office whose reference system is CGQ77.

North American Datum 1983

Type: Geodetic
Extent: North America - onshore and offshore: Canada - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon. Puerto Rico. United States (USA) - Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Hawaii; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming. US Virgin Islands. British Virgin Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1983)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6269')

NAD83 Doppler Transit stations in NWL 9D were aligned with the BIH Conventional Terrestrial Reference Frame (BTS) at epoch 1984.0 using an internationally adopted transformation. NAD83 is now known to be non-geocentric by about 2.2 meters.

Although the 1986 adjustment included connections to Greenland and Mexico, it has not been adopted there. In Canada and US, replaced NAD27.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 2

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_2)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1193')

Defined at reference epoch 1997.0 by a transformation from ITRF96 (see transformation code 8259). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 1998-01-01; adopted by the Canadian federal government and the provincial governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Replaces NAD83(CSRS96). Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v3.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 3

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_3)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1194')

Defined at reference epoch 1997.0 by a transformation from ITRF97 (see transformation code 8260). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 1999-01-01; adopted by the Canadian federal government (2000) and the provincial governments of British Columbia (CRD in 2000, all Victoria Island 2005), Ontario (2008) and Nova Scotia (2000). Replaces NAD83(CSRS)v2. Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v4.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 4

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_4)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1195')

Defined at reference epoch 2002.0 by a transformation from ITRF2000 (see transformation code 8261). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 2002-01-01; adopted by the Canadian federal government (2002) and the provincial governments of British Columbia (for mainland only, not Victoria Island) (2005) and Alberta (2004). Replaces NAD83(CSRS)v3. Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v5.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 5

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_5)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1196')

Defined at reference epoch 2006.0 by a transformation from ITRF2005 (see transformation code 9227). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 2007-01-01; adopted by the Canadian federal government in 2007. Replaces NAD83(CSRS)v4. Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v6.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 6

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_6)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1197')

Defined at reference epoch 2010.0 by a transformation from ITRF2008 (see transformation code 8264). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 2010-01-01; adopted by the Canadian government (2012) and the provincial governments of Manitoba (2014), Ontario (2013), Prince Edward Island (2014), Nova Scotia (2014) and Newfoundland (2012). Replaces NAD83(CSRSv5). Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v7.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS) version 7

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS_VERSION_7)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1198')

Defined at reference epoch 2010.0 by a transformation from ITRF2014 (see transformation code 8265). The frame is kept aligned with the North American tectonic plate at other epochs using the NNR-Nuvel 1A model.

Published 2017-05-01; adopted by the Canadian federal government (2017) and the provincial governments of Alberta (2021) and Prince Edward Island (2020). Replaces NAD83(CSRS)v6.

North American Datum of 1983 (CSRS96)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Canada - onshore and offshore - Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Nunavut; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Yukon.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_CSRS96)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1192')

Defined at epoch 1988.0 by a transformation from ITRF92, the definition superseded by a transformation from ITRF93 and then by a transformation from ITRF94. (See transformation codes 8256-58).

Adopted by the Canadian federal government from 1996-01-01. Replaces NAD83 [sometimes called NAD83(Original)]. Replaced by NAD83(CSRS)v2.

North American Datum of 1983 (MARP00)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and Palau; onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_MARP00)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1221')

Defined by a time-dependent seven parameter transformation of ITRF2000 3D geocentric Cartesian coordinates and velocities at reference epoch 1993.62, aligned to the Mariana plate at other epochs based on an Euler pole rotation.

Replaces NAD83(HARN) (GGN93) and NAD83(FBN) in Guam. Replaced by NAD83(MA11).

North American Datum of 1983 (PACP00)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: American Samoa, Marshall Islands, United States (USA) - Hawaii, United States minor outlying islands; onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_OF_1983_PACP00)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1249')

Defined by a time-dependent seven parameter transformation of ITRF2000 3D geocentric Cartesian coordinates and velocities at reference epoch 1993.62, aligned to the Pacific plate at other epochs based on an Euler pole rotation.

Replaces NAD83(HARN) and NAD83(FBN) in Hawaii and American Samoa. Replaced by NAD83(PA11).

North American Vertical Datum 1988

Type: Vertical
Extent: Mexico - onshore. United States (USA) - CONUS and Alaska - onshore - Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_AMERICAN_VERTICAL_DATUM_1988)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5103')

Mean water level 1970-1983 at Pointe-au-Père (Father’s Point) and 1984-1988 at Rimouski, Quebec. Benchmark 1250-G = 6.273m.

Helmert orthometric heights.

North Rona

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - North Rona onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTH_RONA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5143')

Orthometric heights.

Northern Marianas Vertical Datum of 2003

Type: Vertical
Extent: Northern Mariana Islands - onshore - Rota, Saipan and Tinian.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORTHERN_MARIANAS_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2003)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1119')

Mean sea level at Tanapag harbor, Saipan. Benchmark 1633227 TIDAL UH-2C = 1.657m relative to National Tidal Datum Epoch 1983-2001. Transferred to Rota (East Harbor, BM TIDAL 3 = 1.482m) and Tinian (Harbor BM TIDAL 1 = 2.361m).

Replaces all earlier vertical datums on these islands.

Norway Normal Null 1954

Type: Vertical
Extent: Norway - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORWAY_NORMAL_NULL_1954)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5174')

MSL defined by regression at 7 gauges with between 17 and 67 years observations.

Includes initial NN1954 system and NNN1957 system. Former name retained. Normal-orthometric heights. Replaced by NN2000.

Norway Normal Null 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Norway - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORWAY_NORMAL_NULL_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1096')

Adjustment is referenced to mean high tide at Amsterdams Peil in 1684. To account for land level movements caused by isostatic rebound, heights are reduced to epoch 2000.0 using values computed from the NKG2005LU uplift model.

Replaces NN54. Uses Normal heights.

Norwegian Chart Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Norway (offshore) and Svalbard and Jan Mayen (offshore).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NORWEGIAN_CHART_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1301')

LAT (sum of all harmonic constituents) with an added safety margin in areas where low water levels frequently deviate from LAT. The safety margin is 20 cm from Utsira to the Swedish border and 30 cm in the inner part of the Oslofjord (north of Drøbak).

Prior to 2000-01-01 the definition of chart datum was Z0 = M2 + S2 + N2 + K2 + K1 + ½Sa plus safety margins (10 cm north of Hordaland, 20 cm in Hordaland, 30 cm from Rogaland to the Swedish border and 40 cm in the inner parts of the Oslofjord).

Not specified (based on Airy 1830 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_AIRY_1830_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6001')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Airy Modified 1849 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_AIRY_MODIFIED_1849_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6002')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Australian National Spheroid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_AUSTRALIAN_NATIONAL_SPHEROID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6003')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Average Terrestrial System 1977 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_AVERAGE_TERRESTRIAL_SYSTEM_1977_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6041')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Bessel 1841 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_BESSEL_1841_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6004')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Bessel Modified ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_BESSEL_MODIFIED_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6005')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Bessel Namibia ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_BESSEL_NAMIBIA_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6006')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1858 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1858_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6007')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1866 Authalic Sphere)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1866_AUTHALIC_SPHERE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6052')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1866 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1866_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6008')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 (Arc) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_ARC_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6013')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 (Benoit) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_BENOIT_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6010')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 (IGN) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_IGN_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6011')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 (RGS) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_RGS_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6012')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 (SGA 1922) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_SGA_1922_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6014')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Clarke 1880 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_CLARKE_1880_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6034')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest (1830 Definition) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_DEFINITION_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6042')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest 1830 (1937 Adjustment) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_1937_ADJUSTMENT_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6015')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest 1830 (1962 Definition) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_1962_DEFINITION_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6044')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest 1830 (1967 Definition) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_1967_DEFINITION_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6016')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest 1830 (1975 Definition) ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_1975_DEFINITION_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6045')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Everest 1830 Modified ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_EVEREST_1830_MODIFIED_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6018')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on GEM 10C ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_GEM_10C_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6031')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on GRS 1967 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_GRS_1967_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6036')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_GRS_1980_AUTHALIC_SPHERE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6047')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on GRS 1980 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_GRS_1980_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6019')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Helmert 1906 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_HELMERT_1906_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6020')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Hughes 1980 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_HUGHES_1980_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6054')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Indonesian National Spheroid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_INDONESIAN_NATIONAL_SPHEROID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6021')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on International 1924 Authalic Sphere)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_INTERNATIONAL_1924_AUTHALIC_SPHERE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6053')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on International 1924 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_INTERNATIONAL_1924_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6022')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Krassowsky 1940 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_KRASSOWSKY_1940_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6024')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on NWL 9D ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_NWL_9D_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6025')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on OSU86F ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_OSU86F_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6032')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on OSU91A ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_OSU91A_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6033')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Plessis 1817 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_PLESSIS_1817_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6027')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on Struve 1860 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_STRUVE_1860_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6028')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on WGS 72 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_WGS_72_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6043')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on WGS 84 ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_WGS_84_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6030')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Not specified (based on War Office ellipsoid)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOT_SPECIFIED_BASED_ON_WAR_OFFICE_ELLIPSOID)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6029')

Included for coordinate reference systems where datum is unknown.

Nouakchott 1965

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mauritania - coastal area south of Cape Timiris.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOUAKCHOTT_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6680')

Nouakchott astronomical point.

Triangulation limited to environs of Nouakchott. Extended in 1982 by satellite translocation from a single station “Ruines” to support Syledis chain for offshore operations. Replaced by Mauritania 1999 (datum code 6602).

Nouvelle Triangulation Francaise

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - onshore - mainland and Corsica.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOUVELLE_TRIANGULATION_FRANCAISE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6275')

Fundamental point: Pantheon. Latitude: 48°50’46.522”N, longitude: 2°20’48.667”E (of Greenwich).

Nouvelle Triangulation Francaise (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - onshore - mainland and Corsica.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_NOUVELLE_TRIANGULATION_FRANCAISE_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6807')

Fundamental point: Pantheon. Latitude: 54.273618g N, longitude: 0.0106921g E (of Paris).

OS (SN) 1980

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - onshore - England; Scotland; Wales; Northern Ireland. Isle of Man.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OS_SN_1980)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6279')

Fundamental point: Herstmonceux. Latitude: 50°51’55.271”N, longitude: 0°20’45.882”E (of Greenwich).

OSGB 1970 (SN)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - England and Wales onshore, Scotland onshore and Western Isles nearshore including Sea of the Hebrides and The Minch; Isle of Man onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OSGB_1970_SN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6278')

Fundamental point: Herstmonceux. Latitude: 50°51’55.271”N, longitude: 0°20’45.882”E (of Greenwich).

OSNI 1952

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OSNI_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6188')

Position fixed to the coordinates from the 19th century Principle Triangulation of station Divis. Scale and orientation controlled by position of Principle Triangulation stations Knocklayd and Trostan.

Replaced by Geodetic Datum of 1965 alias 1975 Mapping Adjustment or TM75 (datum code 6300).

Observatario

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mozambique - south.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OBSERVATARIO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6129')

Fundamental point: Campos Rodrigues observatory, Maputo.

Replaced by transformation to Tete datum (datum code 6127).

Ocotepeque 1935

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OCOTEPEQUE_1935)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1070')

Fundamental point: Base Norte. Latitude: 14°26’20.168”N, longitude: 89°11’33.964”W.

Replaced in Costa Rica by Costa Rica 2005 (CR05) from March 2007 and replaced in El Salvador by SIRGAS_ES2007 from August 2007.

Old Hawaiian

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States (USA) - Hawaii - main islands onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OLD_HAWAIIAN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6135')

Fundamental point: Oahu West Base Astro. Latitude: 21°18’13.89”N, longitude 157°50’55.79”W (of Greenwich)

Hawaiian Islands were never on NAD27 but rather on Old Hawaiian Datum. NADCON conversion program provides transformation from Old Hawaiian Datum to NAD83 (original 1986 realization) but making the transformation appear to user as if from NAD27.

Oman National Geodetic Datum 2014

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Oman - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OMAN_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_DATUM_2014)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1147')

20 stations of the Oman primary network tied to ITRF2008 at epoch 2013.15.

Replaces WGS 84 (G873). Replaced by ONGD17.

Oman National Geodetic Datum 2017

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Oman - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OMAN_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_DATUM_2017)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1263')

Oman primary network of 39 stations tied to ITRF2014 at epoch 2017.24.

Replaces ONGD14 from March 2019.

One Tree Point 1964

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - One Tree Point vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ONE_TREE_POINT_1964)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5165')

MSL at Whangarei harbour 1960-1963.

Ordnance Datum Newlyn

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain onshore - England and Wales - mainland; Scotland - mainland and Inner Hebrides.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ORDNANCE_DATUM_NEWLYN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5101')

Mean Sea Level at Newlyn between 1915 and 1921. Initially realised through 1921 and then 1956 levelling network adjustments. From 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid models.

Orthometric heights.

Ordnance Datum Newlyn (Offshore)

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - offshore between 2km from shore and boundary of UKCS within 49°46’N to 61°01’N and 7°33’W to 3°33’E.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ORDNANCE_DATUM_NEWLYN_OFFSHORE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1164')

Defined by OSGM geoid model.

Extension of Ordnance Datum Newlyn offshore through geoid model. Orthometric heights.

Ordnance Datum Newlyn (Orkney Isles)

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Orkney Islands onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ORDNANCE_DATUM_NEWLYN_ORKNEY_ISLES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5138')

Connected to Newlyn datum by triangulation from the British mainland. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Considered as separate from Newlyn because the accuracy of the trigonometric connection across the Pentland Firth does not meet geodetic levelling specifications. Orthometric heights.

Ordnance Survey of Great Britain 1936

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - offshore to boundary of UKCS within 49°45’N to 61°N and 9°W to 2°E; onshore Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). Isle of Man onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ORDNANCE_SURVEY_OF_GREAT_BRITAIN_1936)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6277')

Prior to 2002 fundamental point: Herstmonceux, Latitude: 50°51’55.271”N, longitude: 0°20’45.882”E, triangulation adjustment started 1936, completed 1962. From April 2002 the datum is defined through the application of the OSTN transformation from ETRS89.

The average accuracy of OSTN compared to the old triangulation network (down to 3rd order) is 0.1m. With the introduction of OSTN15, the area for OGSB36 has effectively been extended from Britain to cover the adjacent UK Continental Shelf.

Ostend

Type: Vertical
Extent: Belgium - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_OSTEND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5110')

Mean low water at Ostend 1855-78 transferred to benchmark GIKMN at Uccle.

Realized through the second general levelling (DNG or TAW) 1981-1999.

PDO Height Datum 1993

Type: Vertical
Extent: Oman - onshore. Includes Musandam and the Kuria Muria (Al Hallaniyah) islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PDO_HEIGHT_DATUM_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5123')

Misclosure between Muscat and Salalah less than .5 meters with differences from of up to 5 meters from old Fahud Datum. The PHD93 adjustment was initially known as the Spine. Replaces Fahud Vertical Datum (code 5124) from 1993.

PDO Survey Datum 1993

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Oman - onshore. Includes Musandam and the Kuria Muria (Al Hallaniyah) islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PDO_SURVEY_DATUM_1993)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6134')

Adjustment best fitted to Fahud network.

Replaces Fahud datum (code 6232). Maximum differences to Fahud adjustment are 20 metres.

PNG08

Type: Vertical
Extent: Papua New Guinea - between 0°N and 12°S and 140°E and 158°E - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PNG08)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1149')

Mean sea level at 8 tide gauges around PNG, defined through application of PNG08 geoid model (transformation code 7655) to PNG94 (CRS code 5545).

Palestine 1923

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Israel - onshore; Jordan; Palestine Territory - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PALESTINE_1923)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6281')

Fundamental point: Point 82’M Jerusalem. Latitude: 31°44’ 2.749”N, longitude: 35°12’43.490”E (of Greenwich).

Pampa del Castillo

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - Chibut province south of approximately 42°30’S and Santa Cruz province north of approximately 50°20’S.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PAMPA_DEL_CASTILLO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6161')

Replaced by Campo Inchauspe (code 6221) for topographic mapping, use for oil exploration and production in Golfo San Jorge basin (44°S to 47.5°S) continues.

Panama-Colon 1911

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Panama - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PANAMA_COLON_1911)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1072')

Fundamental point: Balboa Hill. Latitude: 09°04’57.637”N, longtitude: 79°43’50.313”W.

Reports of the existence of an Ancon datum are probably erroneous, considering that the origin of the Panamá-Colón Datum of 1911 is at Balboa Hill and the access road up the hill is from the town of Ancon, Canal Zone.

Papua New Guinea Geodetic Datum 1994

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Papua New Guinea - onshore and offshore. Includes Bismark archipelago, Louisade archipelago, Admiralty Islands, d’Entrecasteaux Islands, northern Solomon Islands, Trobriand Islands, New Britain, New Ireland, Woodlark, and associated islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PAPUA_NEW_GUINEA_GEODETIC_DATUM_1994)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1076')

ITRF92 at epoch 1994.0.

Adopted 1996. Coincident with WGS 84 in 1994 but rapidly divergent due to significant tectonic motion in PNG.

Parametry Zemli 1990

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PARAMETRY_ZEMLI_1990)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6740')

Defined through coordinates of stations of the satellite geodetic network (SGN) in Russia at epoch 1990.0.

Replaced by PZ-90.02 from 2007-09-20.

Parametry Zemli 1990.02

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PARAMETRY_ZEMLI_1990_02)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1157')

Defined through coordinates of 33 stations of the satellite geodetic network (SGN) in Russia and Antarctica adjusted to a subset of 14 IGS stations in Russia at epoch 2002.0. The IGS station coordinates are considered to be equivalent to ITRF2000.

Replaces PZ-90 from 2007-09-20. Replaced by PZ-90.11 from 2014-01-15.

Parametry Zemli 1990.11

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PARAMETRY_ZEMLI_1990_11)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1158')

Defined through coordinates of 33 stations of the satellite geodetic network (SGN) in Russia and Antarctica adjusted to a subset of 14 IGS stations in Russia at epoch 2010.0. The IGS station coordinates are considered to be equivalent to ITRF2008.

Replaces PZ-90.02 from 2014-01-15.

Peru96

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Peru - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PERU96)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1067')

Densification of SIRGAS95 network (ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4) in Peru, consisting of 47 passive geodetic stations and 3 continuous recording GPS stations.

Densification of SIRGAS 1995 within Peru. Replaces PSAD56 (datum code 6248) in Peru.

Petrels 1972

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica - Adelie Land - Petrels island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PETRELS_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6636')

Fundamental point: Astro station DZ on Ile de Petrels. Latitude: 66°40’00”S, longitude: 140°00’46”E (of Greenwich).

Philippine Reference System 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Philippines - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PHILIPPINE_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6683')

Fundamental point: Balacan. Latitude: 13°33’41.000”N, longitude: 121°52’03.000”E (of Greenwich), geoid-ellipsoid separation 0.34m.

Replaces Luzon 1911 datum (code 6253).

Phoenix Islands 1966

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Kiribati - Phoenix Islands: Kanton, Orona, McKean Atoll, Birnie Atoll, Phoenix Seamounts.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PHOENIX_ISLANDS_1966)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6716')

Pico de las Nieves 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PICO_DE_LAS_NIEVES_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1286')

Pico de las Nieves mountain, Gran Canaria. The fundamental point is a different station to that for PN84.

Replaced by PN84 only on western islands (El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife). Both PN68 and PN84 replaced by REGCAN95.

Pico de las Nieves 1984

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PICO_DE_LAS_NIEVES_1984)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6728')

Pico de las Nieves mountain, Gran Canaria. The fundamental point is a different station to that for PN68.

Replaces Pico de las Nieves 1968 (PN68) only on western islands (El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife). Replaced by REGCAN95.

Piraeus Harbour 1986

Type: Vertical
Extent: Greece - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PIRAEUS_HARBOUR_1986)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5115')

MSL determined during 1986.

Pitcairn 1967

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Pitcairn - Pitcairn Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PITCAIRN_1967)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6729')

Fundamental point: Pitcairn Astro. Latitude: 25°04’06.87”S, longitude: 130°06’47.83”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Pitcairn 2006.

Pitcairn 2006

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Pitcairn - Pitcairn Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PITCAIRN_2006)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6763')

Fundamental point: Pitcairn Astro. Latitude: 25°04’06.7894”S, longitude: 130°06’46.6816”W (of Greenwich), derived by single point GPS oberservations.

Replaces Pitcairn 1967.

Point 58

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Senegal - central, Mali - southwest, Burkina Faso - central, Niger - southwest, Nigeria - north, Chad - central. All in proximity to the parallel of latitude of 12°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POINT_58)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6620')

Fundamental point: Point 58. Latitude: 12°52’44.045”N, longitude: 3°58’37.040”E (of Greenwich).

Used as the basis for computation of the 12th Parallel traverse conducted 1966-70 from Senegal to Chad and connecting to the Blue Nile 1958 (Adindan) triangulation in Sudan.

Pointe Geologie Perroud 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica - Adelie Land - coastal area between 136°E and 142°E.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POINTE_GEOLOGIE_PERROUD_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6637')

Fundamental point: Astro station G.0 on Pointe Geologie. Latitude: 66°39’30”S, longitude: 140°01’00”E (of Greenwich).

Ponta Delgada

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - eastern Azores - Sao Miguel island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PONTA_DELGADA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1110')

Mean Sea Level during 1991 at Ponta Delgada.

Orthometric heights.

Poolbeg

Type: Vertical
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POOLBEG)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5152')

Low water mark of the spring tide on the 8 April 1837 at Poolbeg Lighthouse, Dublin.

Topographic mapping before 1956 in Northern Ireland and 1970 in the Republic of Ireland. Replaced by Belfast Lough and Malin Head (datum codes 5130-31).

Port Moresby 1996

Type: Vertical
Extent: Papua New Guinea - onshore - Gulf province east of 144°24’E, Central province and National Capital District.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PORT_MORESBY_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1171')

BM198 (adjacent to the Port Moresby tide gauge) height of 3.02 above MSL as determined by CSIRO in 1990. Propagated through bilinear interpolation of EGM96 geoid model (transformation code 10084) reduced by offset of -1.58m.

Offset has been determined by static GNSS estimation of ellipsoid height of BM198.

Port Moresby 2008

Type: Vertical
Extent: Papua New Guinea - onshore - Gulf province east of 144°24’E, Central province and National Capital District.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PORT_MORESBY_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1172')

BM198 (adjacent to the Port Moresby tide gauge) height of 3.02 above MSL as determined by CSIRO in 1990. Propagated through bilinear interpolation of EGM2008 geoid model (transformation code 3858 or 3859) reduced by offset of -0.93m.

Offset has been determined by static GNSS estimation of ellipsoid height of BM198 validated to a precision of 10 cm by short period tidal observations at Kerema wharf in 2010.

Porto Santo 1936

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - Madeira, Porto Santo and Desertas islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PORTO_SANTO_1936)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6615')

SE Base on Porto Santo island.

Replaced by 1995 adjustment (datum code 6663). For Selvagens see Selvagem Grande (code 6616).

Porto Santo 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - Madeira, Porto Santo and Desertas islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PORTO_SANTO_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6663')

SE Base on Porto Santo island. Origin and orientation constrained to those of the 1936 adjustment.

Classical and GPS observations. Replaces 1936 adjustment (datum code 6615).

For Selvagens see Selvagem Grande (datum code 6616).

Posiciones Geodesicas Argentinas 1994

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POSICIONES_GEODESICAS_ARGENTINAS_1994)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6694')

A geodetic network of 127 high accuracy surveyed points based on WGS 84 coordinates at time of survey that define the National Geodetic System (Sistema Geodésico Nacional). Surveyed between February and April 1993 and between March and May 1994.

Defined the National Geodetic Reference Network from 9th May 1997. Technically, but not legally, replaced by POSGAR 98 (datum code 6190) until May 2009, when POSGAR 2007 (datum code 1062) was officially replaced POSGAR 94.

Posiciones Geodesicas Argentinas 1998

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POSICIONES_GEODESICAS_ARGENTINAS_1998)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6190')

A geodetic network of 136 high accuracy surveyed points. Densification of SIRGAS 1995; ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4.

Technically, but not legally, this datum replaced the 1994 POSGAR adjustment (code 6694) until adoption of the 2007 POSGAR adjustment (code 1062) in May 2009.

Posiciones Geodesicas Argentinas 2007

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POSICIONES_GEODESICAS_ARGENTINAS_2007)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1062')

A geodetic network of 211 high accuracy surveyed points (178 passive and 33 continuous operating) based on ITRF2005, Epoch 2006.632, that define the National Geodetic System (Sistema Geodésico Nacional) effective 15 May 2009.

POSGAR 07 has been adopted by order of the Director of the National Geographic Institute on 15th May 2009 as the new National Geodetic Reference Frame and replaces the pre-existing POSGAR 94.

Potsdam Datum/83

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Germany - Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_POTSDAM_DATUM_83)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6746')

Fundamental point: Rauenberg. Latitude: 52°27’12.021”N, longitude: 13°22’04.928”E (of Greenwich). This station was destroyed in 1910 and the station at Potsdam substituted as the fundamental point.

PD/83 is the realization of DHDN in Thuringen. It is the resultant of applying a transformation derived at 13 points on the border between East and West Germany to Pulkovo 1942/83 points in Thuringen.

Principe

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sao Tome and Principe - onshore - Principe.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PRINCIPE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1046')

Fundamental point: Morro do Papagaio. Latitude: 1°36’46.87”N, longitude: 7°23’39.65”E (of Greenwich).

Provisional South American Datum 1956

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Aruba - onshore; Bolivia; Bonaire - onshore; Brazil - offshore - Amazon Cone shelf; Chile - onshore north of 43°30’S; Curacao - onshore; Ecuador - mainland onshore; Guyana - onshore; Peru - onshore; Venezuela - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PROVISIONAL_SOUTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1956)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6248')

Fundamental point: La Canoa. Latitude: 8°34’17.170”N, longitude: 63°51’34.880”W (of Greenwich).

Same origin as La Canoa datum.

Puerto Rico

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PUERTO_RICO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6139')

Fundamental point: Cardona Island Lighthouse. Latitude:17°57’31.40”N, longitude: 66°38’07.53”W (of Greenwich).

NADCON conversion program provides transformation from Puerto Rico Datum to NAD83 (original 1986 realization) but making the transformation appear to user as if from NAD27.

Puerto Rico Vertical Datum of 2002

Type: Vertical
Extent: Puerto Rico - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PUERTO_RICO_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2002)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1123')

Mean sea level at San Juan. Benchmark 9756371 A TIDAL = 1.334m relative to National Tidal Datum Epoch 1960-1978.

Replaces all earlier vertical datums for Puerto Rico.

Pulkovo 1942

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Estonia - onshore; Georgia - onshore; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia - onshore; Lithuania - onshore; Moldova; Russian Federation - onshore; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine - onshore; Uzbekistan.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PULKOVO_1942)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6284')

Fundamental point: Pulkovo observatory. Latitude: 59°46’18.550”N, longitude: 30°19’42.090”E (of Greenwich).

Pulkovo 1942(58)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Onshore: Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany (former DDR), Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Onshore and offshore: Albania and Romania.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PULKOVO_1942_58)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6179')

Fundamental point: Pulkovo observatory. Latitude: 59°46’18.550”N, longitude: 30°19’42.090”E (of Greenwich).

1956 international adjustment of Uniform Astro-Geodetic Network of countries of central and eastern Europe. Locally densified during 1957 and 1958.

Pulkovo 1942(83)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Onshore Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany (former DDR), Hungary and Slovakia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PULKOVO_1942_83)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6178')

Fundamental point: Pulkovo observatory. Latitude: 59°46’18.550”N, longitude: 30°19’42.090”E (of Greenwich).

1983 international adjustment of Uniform Astro-Geodetic Network of countries of central and eastern Europe.

Pulkovo 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Russian Federation - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_PULKOVO_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6200')

Fundamental point: Pulkovo observatory. Latitude: 59°46’15.359”N, longitude: 30°19’28.318”E (of Greenwich).

Qatar 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Qatar - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_QATAR_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6286')

Fundamental point: Sokey 0 M. Latitude: 25°22’56.500”N, longitude: 50°45’41.000”E (of Greenwich).

Qatar 1974

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Qatar - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_QATAR_1974)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6285')

Fundamental point: Station G3.

Qatar National Datum 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Qatar - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_QATAR_NATIONAL_DATUM_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6614')

Defined by transformation from WGS 84 - see coordinate operation code 1840.

Qornoq 1927

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greenland - west coast onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_QORNOQ_1927)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6194')

Fundamental point: Station 7008. Latitude: 64°31’06.27”N, longitude: 51°12’24.86”W (of Greenwich).

Raiatea SAU 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Raiatea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RAIATEA_SAU_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5198')

Fundamental benchmark: RN1

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

Ras Ghumays

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Arab Emirates (UAE) - Abu Dhabi onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RAS_GHUMAYS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1146')

Mean Sea Level at Ras Ghumays 1978 and 1979.

Orthometric heights.

Rassadiran

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iran - Taheri refinery site.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RASSADIRAN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6153')

Fundamental point: Total1. Latitude: 27°31’07.784”N, longitude: 52°36’12.741”E (of Greenwich).

Rauenberg Datum/83

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Germany - Sachsen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RAUENBERG_DATUM_83)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6745')

Fundamental point: Rauenberg. Latitude: 52°27’12.021”N, longitude: 13°22’04.928”E (of Greenwich). This station was destroyed in 1910 and the station at Potsdam substituted as the fundamental point.

RD/83 is the realization of DHDN in Saxony. It is the resultant of applying a transformation derived at 106 points throughout former East Germany to Pulkovo 1942/83 points in Saxony.

Red Geodesica Para Mineria en Chile

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RED_GEODESICA_PARA_MINERIA_EN_CHILE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1304')

Realized through 26 stations in the IGS (SIRGAS-CON) active reference station network in Chile.

Red Geodesica Venezolana

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Venezuela - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RED_GEODESICA_VENEZOLANA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6189')

Realised by a frame of 67 stations observed in 1995 as a densification of the SIRGAS campaign and adjusted in the ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4.

Red Geodesica de Canarias 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RED_GEODESICA_DE_CANARIAS_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1035')

ITRF93 at epoch 1994.9 at VLBI station INTA at the Canary Spatial Centre (CEC) at Maspalomas on Grand Canary.

Replaces Pico de las Nieves 1968 (PN68) and Pico de las Nieves 1984 (PN84).

Reference System de Angola 2013

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Angola - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_DE_ANGOLA_2013)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1220')

Network of 18 stations throughout Angola referenced to ITRF2008 @ 2010.90.

Established through daily PPP solutions in GPS week G1610.

Reseau Geodesique Francais 1993 v1

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - onshore and offshore, mainland and Corsica (France métropolitaine including Corsica).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_FRANCAIS_1993_V1)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6171')

Coincident with ETRS89 at epoch 1993.0. Derived from long-term GNSS observations at 23 points aligned to ETRF93 @ 1993.0 through fundamental points at Grasse, Toulouse and Brest. Network supplemented in 1994 and 1995 by approx. 1000 additional stations.

RGF93 v1 is a realization of ETRS89. Replaced by RGF93 v2 (datum code 1312) from 2010-06-18.

Reseau Geodesique Francais 1993 v2

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - onshore and offshore, mainland and Corsica (France métropolitaine including Corsica).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_FRANCAIS_1993_V2)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1312')

Aligned with ETRF2000 at epoch 2009.0. Based on the French GNSS permanent network (RGP) from 1998 to 2009, and the re-observation of the geodetic points of the French Reference Network (RRF) and French Base Network (RBF) from 2000 to 2011.

RGF93 v2 is a realization of ETRS89. Replaces RGF93 v1 (datum code 6171) from 2010-06-18. Replaced by RGF93 v2b (datum code 1313) from 2021-01-05.

Reseau Geodesique Francais 1993 v2b

Type: Geodetic
Extent: France - onshore and offshore, mainland and Corsica (France métropolitaine including Corsica).
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_FRANCAIS_1993_V2B)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1313')

Aligned with ETRF2000 at epoch 2019.0. Derived through reprocessing of the French GNSS permanent network (RGP) in IGS14.

RGF93 v2b is a realization of ETRS89. Third realization of RGF93. Replaces RGF93 v2 (datum code 1312) from 2021-01-05.

Reseau Geodesique Francais Guyane 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Guiana - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_FRANCAIS_GUYANE_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6624')

ITRF93 at epoch 1995.0

Replaces CSG67 (datum code 6623).

Reseau Geodesique de Mayotte 2004

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mayotte - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_MAYOTTE_2004)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1036')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.0

Replaces Combani 1950 (datum code 6632) except for cadastral purposes. (Cadastre 1997 (datum code 1037) used for cadastral purposes).

Reseau Geodesique de Nouvelle Caledonie 91-93

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - onshore and offshore. Isle de Pins, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Belep archipelago, Chesterfield Islands, and Walpole.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_NOUVELLE_CALEDONIE_91_93)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6749')

ITRF90 at epoch 1989.0.

Reseau Geodesique de Saint Pierre et Miquelon 2006

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Pierre and Miquelon - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_SAINT_PIERRE_ET_MIQUELON_2006)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1038')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2006.0

Replaces Saint Pierre et Miquelon 1950 (datum code 6638).

Reseau Geodesique de Wallis et Futuna 1996

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Wallis and Futuna - onshore and offshore - Uvea, Futuna, and Alofi.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_WALLIS_ET_FUTUNA_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1223')

Coincident with ITRF94 at epoch 1993.00.

Reseau Geodesique de la Polynesie Francaise

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - onshore and offshore. Includes Society archipelago, Tuamotu archipelago, Marquesas Islands, Gambier Islands and Austral Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_LA_POLYNESIE_FRANCAISE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6687')

ITRF92 at epoch 1993.0. Densification by GPS of the Reference Network of French Polynesia, a coordinate set of 13 stations determined through DORIS observations.

Replaces Tahaa 54 (datum code 6629), IGN 63 Hiva Oa (6689), IGN 72 Nuku Hiva (6630), Maupiti 83 (6692), MHEFO 55 (6688), Moorea 87 (6691) and Tahiti 79 (6690).

Reseau Geodesique de la RDC 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) - south of a line through Bandundu, Seke and Pweto - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_LA_RDC_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1033')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2005.4.

Reseau Geodesique de la Reunion 1992

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Reunion - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DE_LA_REUNION_1992)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6627')

ITRF91 at epoch 1993.0

Replaces Piton des Neiges (code 6626).

Reseau Geodesique des Antilles Francaises 2009

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Antilles onshore and offshore - Guadeloupe (including Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les Saintes, Iles de la Petite Terre, La Desirade); Martinique; St Barthélemy; St Martin.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DES_ANTILLES_FRANCAISES_2009)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1073')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2009.0

Replaces RRAF91 in Martinique and Guadeloupe.

Reseau Geodesique des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises 2007

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Southern Territories - onshore and offshore: Amsterdam and St Paul, Crozet, Europa and Kerguelen. Antarctica - Adelie Land coastal area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_GEODESIQUE_DES_TERRES_AUSTRALES_ET_ANTARCTIQUES_FRANCAISES_2007)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1113')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2007.274

Replaces IGN 1963-64 on Amsterdam, Saint-Paul 1969 on St Paul, IGN64 on Crozet, MHM 1954 on Europa, IGN 1962 on Kerguelen, and Petrels 1972 and Perroud 1950 in Adelie Land.

Reseau National Belge 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Belgium - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_NATIONAL_BELGE_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6215')

Fundamental point: Lommel (tower). Latitude: 51°13’47.334”N, longitude: 5°18’49.483”E (of Greenwich).

Reseau National Belge 1950 (Brussels)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Belgium - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_NATIONAL_BELGE_1950_BRUSSELS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6809')

Fundamental point: Lommel (tower). Latitude: 51°13’47.334”N, longitude: 0°56’44.773”E (of Brussels).

Reseau National Belge 1972

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Belgium - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_NATIONAL_BELGE_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6313')

Fundamental point: Uccle observatory. Latitude: 50°47’57.704”N, longitude: 4°21’24.983”E (of Greenwich).

Reseau de Reference des Antilles Francaises 1991

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Antilles onshore and offshore - Guadeloupe (including Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les Saintes, Iles de la Petite Terre, La Desirade); Martinique; St Barthélemy; St Martin.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RESEAU_DE_REFERENCE_DES_ANTILLES_FRANCAISES_1991)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1047')

WGS 84 coordinates of a single station determined during the 1988 Tango mission.

Replaces Fort Marigot and Sainte Anne (datum codes 6621-22) in Guadeloupe and Fort Desaix (datum code 6625) in Martinique. Replaced by Reseau Geodesique des Antilles Francaises 2009 (datum code 1073).

Rete Dinamica Nazionale 2008

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Italy - onshore and offshore; San Marino, Vatican City State.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RETE_DINAMICA_NAZIONALE_2008)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1132')

Italian densification of ETRS89 realised through network of 99 permanent reference stations in ETRF2000@2008.0.

Adopted as official Italian reference datum 10/11/2011. Replaces IGM95 (datum code 6670).

Reunion 1947

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Reunion - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_REUNION_1947)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6626')

Fundamental point: Piton des Neiges (Borne). Latitude: 21°05’13.119”S, longitude: 55°29’09.193”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGR92 (datum code 6627).

Reunion 1989

Type: Vertical
Extent: Reunion - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_REUNION_1989)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5156')

Mean sea level during part of November 1949 at port of Saint-Pierre. Origin = marker AB-100 with defined elevation of 13.808m above msl.

Orthometric heights. Replaces Reunion IGN58. Value of marker AB-100 retains height from 1958 adjustment.

Reykjavik 1900

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Iceland - mainland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_REYKJAVIK_1900)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6657')

Fundamental point: Latitude: 64°08’31.88”N, longitude: 21°55’51.15”W (of Greenwich).

Rikets hojdsystem 1900

Type: Vertical
Extent: Sweden - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RIKETS_HOJDSYSTEM_1900)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5209')

Adjustment is referenced to mean sea level at Slussen, Stockholm.

Realized through the first precise levelling network of 1886-1905. Replaced by RH70.

Rikets hojdsystem 1970

Type: Vertical
Extent: Sweden - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RIKETS_HOJDSYSTEM_1970)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5117')

Adjustment is referenced to mean high tide at Amsterdams Peil in 1684. To account for land level movements caused by isostatic rebound, heights are reduced to epoch 1970.0 using uplift values computed from repeated levelling observations.

Realized through the second precise levelling network of 1951-1967. Uses Normal heights. Replaces RH00. Replaced in 2005 by RH2000.

Rikets hojdsystem 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Sweden - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RIKETS_HOJDSYSTEM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5208')

Adjustment is referenced to mean high tide at Amsterdams Peil in 1684. To account for land level movements caused by isostatic rebound, heights are reduced to epoch 2000.0 using values computed from the RH 2000 LU (=NKG2005LU) uplift model.

Realized through the third precise levelling network of 1979-2003. Adopted in 2005, replacing RH70. Uses Normal heights.

Rikets koordinatsystem 1990

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sweden - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_RIKETS_KOORDINATSYSTEM_1990)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6124')

Replaces RT38 adjustment (datum code 6308)

Ross Sea Region Geodetic Datum 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Antarctica - Ross Sea Region - nominally between 160°E and 150°W but includes buffer on eastern hemisphere margin to include Transantarctic Mountains
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ROSS_SEA_REGION_GEODETIC_DATUM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6764')

Based on ITRF96 at epoch 2000.0

SCM22 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the Scottish central mainline rail route from Motherwell through Perth and Pitlochry to Inverness.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SCM22_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1320')

Defined through the application of the SCM22 NTv2 transformation to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2022 to support intermediate CRS “SCM22-IRF” in the emulation of the SCM22 Snake map projection.

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF00P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF00P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1227')

Aligned to ITRF97 at epoch 2000.40. Realized by a frame of 31 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to February 2000. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

DGF00P01 is included in ITRF2000 as a regional densification for South America. Replaced by DGF01P01 (datum code 1228).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF01P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF01P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1228')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 2000.00. Realized by a frame of 48 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to April 2001. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF00P01 (datum code 1227). Replaced by DGF01P02 (datum code 1229).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF01P02

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF01P02)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1229')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 1998.40. Realized by a frame of 49 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to October 2001. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF01P01 (datum code 1228). Replaced by DGF02P01 (datum code 1230).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF02P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF02P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1230')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 2000.00. Realized by a frame of 53 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to July 2002. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF01P02 (datum code 1229). Replaced by DGF04P01 (datum code 1331).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF04P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF04P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1231')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 2003.00. Realized by a frame of 69 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to July 2004. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF02P01 (datum code 1230). Replaced by DGF05P01 (datum code 1232).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF05P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF05P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1232')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.00. Realized by a frame of 95 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to September 2005. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF04P01 (datum code 1231). Replaced by DGF06P01 (datum code 1233).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF06P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF06P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1233')

Aligned to ITRF2000 at epoch 2004.00. Realized by a frame of 94 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from June 1996 to June 2006. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF05P01 (datum code 1232). Replaced by DGF07P01 (datum code 1234).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF07P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF07P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1234')

Aligned to IGS05 at epoch 2004.50. Realized by a frame of 106 continuously operating stations using GPS observations in 3 periods between December 2001 and October 2007. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF06P01 (datum code 1233). Replaced by DGF08P01 (datum code 1235).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network DGF08P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_DGF08P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1235')

Aligned to IGS05 at epoch 2004.50. Realized by a frame of 126 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from December 2002 to March 2008. Velocity model VEMOS2003 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF07P01 (datum code 1234). Replaced by SIR09P01 (datum code 1236).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR09P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR09P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1236')

Aligned to IGS05 at epoch 2005.00. Realized by a frame of 128 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from January 2000 to January 2009. Velocity model VEMOS2009 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces DGF08P01 (datum code 1235). Replaced by SIR10P01 (datum code 1237).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR10P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR10P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1237')

Aligned to ITRF08 at epoch 2005.00. Realized by a frame of 183 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from January 2000 to June 2010. Velocity model VEMOS2009 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR09P01 (datum code 1236). Replaced by SIR11P01 (datum code 1238).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR11P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR11P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1238')

Aligned to ITRF08 at epoch 2005.00. Realized by a frame of 230 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from January 2000 to April 2011. Velocity model VEMOS2009 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR10P01 (datum code 1237). Replaced by SIR13P01 (datum code 1239). Last multi-year solution without the effects of the El Maule earthquake in February 2010.

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR13P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR13P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1239')

Aligned to IGb08 at epoch 2012.00. Realized by a frame of 108 continuously operating stations using GPS observations from April 2010 to June 2013. Velocity model VEMOS2009 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR11P01 (datum code 1238). Replaced by SIR14P01 (datum code 1240). First multi-year solution after the El Maule earthquake of February 2010.

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR14P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR14P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1240')

Aligned to IGb08 at epoch 2013.00. Realized by a frame of 242 continuously operating stations using GNSS observations from April 2010 to July 2014. Velocity model VEMOS2009 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR13P01 (datum code 1239). Replaced by SIR15P01 (datum code 1241).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR15P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR15P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1241')

Aligned to IGb08 at epoch 2013.00. Realized by a frame of 303 continuously operating stations using GNSS observations from March 2010 to April 2015. Velocity model VEMOS2015 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR14P01 (datum code 1240). Replaced by SIR17P01 (datum code 1242).

SIRGAS Continuously Operating Network SIR17P01

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America, onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CONTINUOUSLY_OPERATING_NETWORK_SIR17P01)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1242')

Aligned to IGS14 at epoch 2015.00. Realized by a frame of 345 continuously operating stations using GNSS observations from April 2011 to January 2017. Velocity model VEMOS2017 used to propagate coordinates to the frame reference epoch.

Replaces SIR15P01 (datum code 1241).

SIRGAS-Chile realization 1 epoch 2002

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CHILE_REALIZATION_1_EPOCH_2002)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1064')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2002.0. Densification of SIRGAS 2000 network in Chile, consisting of 650 monumented stations.

Densification of SIRGAS 2000 within Chile. Replaces PSAD56 (datum code 6248) in Chile, HITO XVIII (datum code 6254) in Chilean Tierra del Fuego and Easter Island 1967 (datum code 6719) in Easter Island. Replaced by SIRGAS-Chile 2010 (datum code 1243).

SIRGAS-Chile realization 2 epoch 2010

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CHILE_REALIZATION_2_EPOCH_2010)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1243')

IGS08 at epoch 2010.00. Densification of SIRGAS-CON network in Chile, consisting of 120 monumented stations.

Replaces SIRGAS-Chile realization 1 epoch 2002, following significant tectonic deformation. Replaced by SIRGAS-Chile realization 3 epoch 2013.

SIRGAS-Chile realization 3 epoch 2013

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CHILE_REALIZATION_3_EPOCH_2013)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1252')

IGb08 at epoch 2013.00. Densification of SIRGAS-CON network in Chile, consisting of 130 monumented stations.

Replaces SIRGAS-Chile realization 2 epoch 2010, following significant tectonic deformation. Replaced by SIRGAS-Chile realization 4 epoch 2016.

SIRGAS-Chile realization 4 epoch 2016

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CHILE_REALIZATION_4_EPOCH_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1253')

IGb08 at epoch 2016.00. Densification of SIRGAS-CON network in Chile, consisting of 200 monumented stations.

Replaces SIRGAS-Chile realization 3 epoch 2013. Replaced by SIRGAS-Chile realization 5 epoch 2021 due to significant tectonic deformation.

SIRGAS-Chile realization 5 epoch 2021

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Chile - onshore and offshore. Includes Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, San Felix, and Sala y Gomez.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_CHILE_REALIZATION_5_EPOCH_2021)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1327')

Densification of SIRGAS-CON network in Chile, consisting of 97 stations forming the active CORS network (RGN) referenced to IGb2014 (ITRF2014) at epoch 2021.00. Passive stations used in previous realizations have been removed from this solution.

Replaces SIRGAS-Chile realization 4 epoch 2016 from August 2021 due to significant tectonic deformation. 24 additional active CORS used in this realization compared to that of 2016.

SIRGAS-ROU98

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Uruguay - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_ROU98)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1068')

Densification of SIRGAS95 network in Uruguay, consisting of 17 passive geodetic stations and 3 continuous recording GPS stations. ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4.

Densification of SIRGAS 1995 within Uruguay. Replaces Yacare (datum code 6309) in Uruguay. Uruguay documentation clearly states use of WGS 84 reference ellipsoid.

SIRGAS_ES2007.8

Type: Geodetic
Extent: El Salvador - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIRGAS_ES2007_8)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1069')

ITRF2005 at epoch 2007.85. Densification of SIRGAS-CON network in El Salvador, consisting of 38 monumented stations.

SIRGAS-ES2007.8 is the national SIRGAS densification.

ST71 Belep

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Belep.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST71_BELEP)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6643')

ST84 Ile des Pins

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Ile des Pins.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST84_ILE_DES_PINS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6642')

Fundamental point: Pic Nga.

ST87 Ouvea

Type: Geodetic
Extent: New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands - Ouvea.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST87_OUVEA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6750')

Ouloup.

SVY21

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Singapore - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SVY21)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6757')

Fundamental point: Base 7 at Pierce Reservoir. Latitude: 1°22’02.9154”N, longitude: 103°49’31.9752”E (of Greenwich).

Replaces Kertau 1968 for cadastral purposes from August 2004.

SWEREF99

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sweden - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SWEREF99)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6619')

Densification of ETRS89.

The solution was calculated in ITRF97 epoch 1999.5, and has subsequently been corrected to ETRS89 in accordance with guidelines given by EUREF.

Saint Pierre et Miquelon 1950

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Pierre and Miquelon - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SAINT_PIERRE_ET_MIQUELON_1950)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6638')

Replaced by RGSPM06 (datum code 1038).

Santa Cruz da Graciosa

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - central Azores - Graciosa island onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SANTA_CRUZ_DA_GRACIOSA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1106')

Mean Sea Level during 1938 at Santa Cruz da Graciosa.

Orthometric heights.

Santa Cruz das Flores

Type: Vertical
Extent: Portugal - western Azores onshore - Flores, Corvo.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SANTA_CRUZ_DAS_FLORES)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1108')

Mean Sea Level during 1965 at Santa Cruz das Flores.

Orthometric heights.

Santo 1965

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Vanuatu - northern islands - Aese, Ambrym, Aoba, Epi, Espiritu Santo, Maewo, Malo, Malkula, Paama, Pentecost, Shepherd and Tutuba.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SANTO_1965)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6730')

Datum covers all the major islands of Vanuatu in two different adjustment blocks, but practical usage is as given in the area of use.

Sao Tome

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sao Tome and Principe - onshore - Sao Tome.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SAO_TOME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1044')

Fundamental point: Fortaleza. Latitude: 0°20’49.02”N, longitude: 6°44’41.85”E (of Greenwich).

Sapper Hill 1943

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Falkland Islands (Malvinas) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SAPPER_HILL_1943)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6292')

Schwarzeck

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Namibia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SCHWARZECK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6293')

Fundamental point: Schwarzeck. Latitude: 22°45’35.820”S, longitude: 18°40’34.549”E (of Greenwich). Fixed during German South West Africa-British Bechuanaland boundary survey of 1898-1903.

Scoresbysund 1952

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Greenland - Scoresbysund area onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SCORESBYSUND_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6195')

Selvagem Grande

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Portugal - Selvagens islands (Madeira province) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SELVAGEM_GRANDE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6616')

Serbian Reference Network 1998

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Serbia including Vojvodina.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SERBIAN_REFERENCE_NETWORK_1998)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1034')

Densification of ETRS89 in Serbia at epoch 1998.7 based on coordinates of 6 stations in Serbia of Yugoslav Reference Frame (YUREF) 1998 campaign.

Observed 1998-2003.

Serbian Spatial Reference System 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Serbia including Vojvodina.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SERBIAN_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1214')

Densification of ETRF2000 in Serbia at epoch 2010.63.

Replaces SREF98.

Serbian Vertical Reference System 2012

Type: Vertical
Extent: Serbia including Vojvodina.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SERBIAN_VERTICAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_2012)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1216')

Mean sea level of Adriatic Sea in 1971.

Normal heights above quasi-geoid. In Serbia replaces Trieste (datum code 1050).

Serindung

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - west Kalimantan - onshore coastal area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SERINDUNG)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6295')

Fundamental point: Ep A. Latitude: 1°06’10.60”N, longitude: 105°00’59.82”E (of Greenwich).

Sibun Gorge 1922

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Belize - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIBUN_GORGE_1922)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1071')

Latitude: 17º03’40.471”N, longitude: 88º37’54.687”W.

Sierra Leone 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sierra Leone - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIERRA_LEONE_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6175')

Fundamental point: SLX2 Astro. Latitude: 8°27’17.567”N, longitude: 12°49’40.186”W (of Greenwich).

Extension and readjustment with additional observations of 1960 network. Coordinates of 1960 stations change by less than 3 metres.

Sierra Leone Colony 1924

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sierra Leone - Freetown Peninsula.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SIERRA_LEONE_COLONY_1924)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6174')

Fundamental point: Kortright. Latitude: 8°28’44.4”N, longitude: 13°13’03.81”W (of Greenwich).

Singapore Height Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Singapore - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SINGAPORE_HEIGHT_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1140')

Mean sea level determined at Victoria Dock tide gauge 1935-1937.

Orthometric heights. Network readjusted in 2009.

Sistem Referensi Geospasial Indonesia 2013

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: Indonesia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTEM_REFERENSI_GEOSPASIAL_INDONESIA_2013)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1293')

ITRF2008 at epoch 2012.0.

Semi-dynamic datum. Geometric element of geodetic control network (JKG). Replaces DGN95 and all older datums.

Sistema Geodesico Nacional de Panama MACARIO SOLIS

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Panama - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTEMA_GEODESICO_NACIONAL_DE_PANAMA_MACARIO_SOLIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1066')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2000.0. Densification of SIRGAS 2000 network in Panama, consisting of 20 GPS stations throughout the country.

Sistema de Referencia Geocentrico para America del Sur 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: South America - onshore and offshore. Ecuador (mainland and Galapagos) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTEMA_DE_REFERENCIA_GEOCENTRICO_PARA_AMERICA_DEL_SUR_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6170')

ITRF94 at epoch 1995.4.

Realized by a frame of 58 stations observed in 1995 and adjusted in ITRF94. Provisional NIMA adjustment reference epoch was 1995.42 but final report accepted value is 1995.40. Replaced by SIRGAS 2000.

Sistema de Referencia Geocentrico para las AmericaS 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Latin America - Central America and South America - onshore and offshore. Brazil - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTEMA_DE_REFERENCIA_GEOCENTRICO_PARA_LAS_AMERICAS_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6674')

ITRF2000 at epoch 2000.40.

Realized by a frame of 184 stations observed in 2000 and adjusted in the ITRF2000. Includes ties to tide gauges. Replaces SIRGAS 1995 system for South America; expands SIRGAS to Central America. Name changed in 2001 for use in all of Latin America.

Sistema de Referencia Vertical Nacional 2016

Type: Vertical
Extent: Argentina - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTEMA_DE_REFERENCIA_VERTICAL_NACIONAL_2016)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1260')

Mean Sea Level 1923 at Mar del Plata defined at station 71 (C = 121.64978 m^2s^-2) = 12.43m for mainland, Ushuaia station PF1N(383) (C = 38.427 m^2s^-2) = 3.915m for Tierra del Fuego. These geopotential numbers correspond with historic values.

Replaces SRVN71.

Sister Islands Geodetic Datum 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Cayman Islands - Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SISTER_ISLANDS_GEODETIC_DATUM_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6726')

Fundamental point: LC5. Latitude: 19°39’46.324”N, longitude: 80°03’47.910”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by CIGD11 (datum code 1100).

Slovenia Geodetic Datum 1996

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Slovenia - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SLOVENIA_GEODETIC_DATUM_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6765')

Densification of ETRS89, based on ITRS89 at epoch 1995.55.

Slovenian Vertical System 2000

Type: Vertical
Extent: Slovenia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SLOVENIAN_VERTICAL_SYSTEM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5177')

Reference point Ruse defined relative to mean sea level at Trieste in 1875.

Normal-orthometric heights. Promulgated through the National Vertical Network adjustment of 1999.

Slovenian Vertical System 2010

Type: Vertical
Extent: Slovenia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SLOVENIAN_VERTICAL_SYSTEM_2010)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1215')

Mean sea level at Koper over 18.6 years, selected epoch is 2010-10-10.

Normal heights. Replaces SVS2000 from 2019-01.

Solomon 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Solomon Islands - onshore southern Solomon Islands, primarily Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobel, Santa Isobel, Choiseul, Makira-Ulawa.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOLOMON_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6718')

Fundamental point: GUX 1.

South Africa Land Levelling Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: South Africa - mainland onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_AFRICA_LAND_LEVELLING_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1262')

Mean Sea Level at Cape Town harbour 1900 and 1907, referred to Datum Benchmark BM1.

Orthometric heights.

South American Datum 1969

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - onshore and offshore. In rest of South America - onshore north of approximately 45°S and Tierra del Fuego.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1969)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6618')

Fundamental point: Chua. Geodetic latitude: 19°45’41.6527”S; geodetic longitude: 48°06’04.0639”W (of Greenwich). (Astronomic coordinates: Latitude 19°45’41.34”S +/- 0.05”, longitude 48°06’07.80”W +/- 0.08”).

SAD69 uses GRS 1967 ellipsoid but with 1/f to exactly 2 decimal places. In Brazil only, replaced by SAD69(96) (datum code 1075).

South American Datum 1969(96)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brazil - onshore and offshore. Includes Rocas, Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Trindade, Ihlas Martim Vaz and Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_AMERICAN_DATUM_1969_96)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1075')

Fundamental point: Chua. Geodetic latitude: 19°45’41.6527”S; geodetic longitude: 48°06’04.0639”W (of Greenwich). (Astronomic coordinates: Latitude 19°45’41.34”S +/- 0.05”, longitude 48°06’07.80”W +/- 0.08”).

SAD69 uses GRS 1967 ellipsoid but with 1/f to exactly 2 decimal places. Replaces original 1969 adjustment (datum code 6618) in Brazil.

South East Island 1943

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Seychelles - Mahe, Silhouette, North, Aride Island, Praslin, La Digue and Frigate islands including adjacent smaller granitic islands on the Seychelles Bank, Bird Island and Denis Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_EAST_ISLAND_1943)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1138')

Fundamental point: Challenger Astro near Port Victoria lighthouse. Latitude: 4°40’39.460”S, longitude: 55°32’00.166”E (of Greenwich).

Network readjusted in 1958-59 and extended to Bird and Denis islands in 1975.

South Georgia 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - South Georgia onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_GEORGIA_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6722')

Fundamental point: ISTS 061.

South Yemen

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Yemen - South Yemen onshore mainland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SOUTH_YEMEN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6164')

Sri Lanka Datum 1999

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sri Lanka - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SRI_LANKA_DATUM_1999)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1053')

Fundamental point: ISM Diyatalawa. Latitude: 6°49’02.687”N, longitude: 80°57’40.880”E.

Introduced in 2000.

Sri Lanka Vertical Datum

Type: Vertical
Extent: Sri Lanka - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SRI_LANKA_VERTICAL_DATUM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1054')

MSL at Colombo 1884-1889.

Normal-orthometric heights, but often referred to as “orthometric”.

St. George Island

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States (USA) - Alaska - Pribilof Islands - St George Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_GEORGE_ISLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6138')

Fundamental point latitude: 56°36’11.31”N, longitude: 169°32’36.00”W (of Greenwich).

Many Alaskan islands were never on NAD27 but rather on independent datums. NADCON conversion program provides transformation from St. George Island Datum to NAD83 (original 1986 realization) - making the transformation appear to user as if from NAD27.

St. Helena Geodetic Datum 2015

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_HELENA_GEODETIC_DATUM_2015)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1174')

ITRF2008 at epoch 2015.0. ITRF2008 coordinates (15°56’33.1198”S, 5°40’02.4412”W, 453.183m ellipsoid height) of Longwood IGS CORS station STHL on 1st January 2015.

Developed by Richard Stanaway, Quickclose Pty Ltd, superseding Astro DOS 71 from 1st January 2016.

St. Helena Tritan

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_HELENA_TRITAN)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1173')

WGS 84(G1150) at epoch 2011.773. WGS 84 coordinates (15°56’33.1217”S, 5°40’02.4436”W, 453.288m ellipsoid height) of Longwood IGS CORS station STHL on 9th October 2011

St. Helena Tritan Vertical Datum 2011

Type: Vertical
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_HELENA_TRITAN_VERTICAL_DATUM_2011)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1176')

MSL defined by Longwood IGS station STHL reference level of 436.215m.

Defined by offset of -17.073m applied to St. Helena Tritan ellipsiodal height (CRS code 7880).

St. Helena Vertical Datum 2015

Type: Vertical
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - St Helena Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_HELENA_VERTICAL_DATUM_2015)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1177')

Longwood IGS station STHL reference level of 436.312m.

Defined by SHGEOID15 geoid model (transformation code 7891) applied to SHGD2015 (CRS code 7885).

St. Kilda

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - St Kilda onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_KILDA)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5145')

Orthometric heights.

St. Kitts 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Kitts and Nevis - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_KITTS_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6605')

Fundamental point: station K12.

St. Lawrence Island

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States (USA) - Alaska - St Lawrence Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_LAWRENCE_ISLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6136')

Many Alaskan islands were never on NAD27 but rather on independent datums. NADCON conversion program provides transformation from St. Lawrence Island Datum to NAD83 (original 1986 realization) - making the transformation appear to user as if from NAD27.

St. Lucia 1955

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Lucia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_LUCIA_1955)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6606')

Fundamental point: station DCS3.

St. Marys

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - England - Isles of Scilly onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_MARYS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5147')

Mean Sea Level at St. Marys 1887. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights.

St. Paul Island

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States (USA) - Alaska - Pribilof Islands - St Paul Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_PAUL_ISLAND)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6137')

Fundamental point latitude: 57°07’16.86”N, longitude: 170°16’24.00”W (of Greenwich).

Many Alaskan islands were never on NAD27 but rather on independent datums. NADCON conversion program provides transformation from St. Paul Island Datum to NAD83 (original 1986 realization) - making the transformation appear to user as if from NAD27.

St. Stephen (Ferro)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Austria - Lower Austria. Czechia - Moravia and Czech Silesia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_STEPHEN_FERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1189')

Fundamental point: St. Stephen’s cathedral, Vienna. Latitude: 48°12’31.54”N, longitude: 34°02’27.32”E (of Ferro).

St. Vincent 1945

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Vincent and the northern Grenadine Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ST_VINCENT_1945)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6607')

Fundamental point: station V1, Fort Charlotte.

Staatlichen Nivellementnetzes 1976

Type: Vertical
Extent: Germany - states of former East Germany - Berlin, Brandenburg; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; Sachsen; Sachsen-Anhalt; Thuringen.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_STAATLICHEN_NIVELLEMENTNETZES_1976)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5183')

Network adjusted in 1976. Height at reference point Hoppegarten defined as 1957 value from the UPLN adjustment. Datum at Kronstadt is mean sea level of Baltic in 1833.

Introduced in 1979. Uses Normal heights. Replaced by DHHN92.

Stewart Island 1977

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - Stewart Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_STEWART_ISLAND_1977)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5170')

MSL at 3-5 high and low tides at two different locations.

Stockholm 1938

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sweden - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_STOCKHOLM_1938)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6308')

Fundamental point: Stockholm observatory.

Replaced by RT90 adjustment (datum code 6124)

Stockholm 1938 (Stockholm)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Sweden - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_STOCKHOLM_1938_STOCKHOLM)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6814')

Fundamental point: Stockholm observatory

Replaced by RT90 adjustment (datum code 6124)

Stornoway

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Outer Hebrides onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_STORNOWAY)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5144')

Mean Sea Level at Stornoway 1977 correlated to pre-1900. Initially realised through levelling network adjustment, from 2002 redefined to be realised through OSGM geoid model.

Orthometric heights.

Sule Skerry

Type: Vertical
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - Great Britain - Scotland - Sule Skerry onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SULE_SKERRY)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5142')

Orthometric heights.

Svalbard vertical datum 2006

Type: Vertical
Extent: Arctic (Norway (Svalbard) onshore and offshore) - between 81°10’N and 76°10’N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SVALBARD_VERTICAL_DATUM_2006)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1323')

Mean Sea Level (MSL) at Ny-Ålesund. The SVD2006 surface (arcgp-2006-sk) is the Arctic Gravity Project 2006 (arcgp-2006) surface adjusted to two benchmarks tied to the Ny-Ålesund tide gauge. arcgp-2006-sk=arcgp-2006 - 0.8986m.

Swiss Terrestrial Reference System 1995

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Liechtenstein; Switzerland.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SWISS_TERRESTRIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_1995)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6151')

ETRF89 at epoch 1993.0.

First realized through CHTRF95 and subsequently CHTRF98, 2004, 2010 and 2016 with an aim to re-measure every 6 years.

System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral Network

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Czechia; Slovakia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SYSTEM_OF_THE_UNIFIED_TRIGONOMETRICAL_CADASTRAL_NETWORK)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6156')

Modification of Austrian MGI datum, code 6312.

System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral Network (Ferro)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Czechia; Slovakia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SYSTEM_OF_THE_UNIFIED_TRIGONOMETRICAL_CADASTRAL_NETWORK_FERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6818')

Modification of Austrian MGI (Ferro) datum.

System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral Network [JTSK03]

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Slovakia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SYSTEM_OF_THE_UNIFIED_TRIGONOMETRICAL_CADASTRAL_NETWORK_JTSK03)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1201')

System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral Network/05

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Czechia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SYSTEM_OF_THE_UNIFIED_TRIGONOMETRICAL_CADASTRAL_NETWORK_05)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1052')

Constrained to S-JTSK but realised through readjustment in projected CRS domain. Related to ETRS89 R05 realisation through transformation code 5226.

System of the Unified Trigonometrical Cadastral Network/05 (Ferro)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Czechia.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_SYSTEM_OF_THE_UNIFIED_TRIGONOMETRICAL_CADASTRAL_NETWORK_05_FERRO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1055')

Constrained to S-JTSK but realised through readjustment in projected CRS domain.

TM65

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TM65)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6299')

Adjusted to best mean fit 12 stations of the OSNI 1952 primary adjustment.

Differences between OSNI 1952 and TM65 at these stations are RMS 0.25m east, 0.23m north, maximum vector 0.57m. TM65 replaced by and not to be confused with Geodetic Datum of 1965 alias 1975 Mapping Adjustment or TM75 (datum code 6300).

TPEN11 Intermediate Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Kingdom (UK) - on or related to the Trans-Pennine rail route from Liverpool via Manchester to Bradford and Leeds.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TPEN11_INTERMEDIATE_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1266')

Defined through the application of the TPEN11 NTv2 transformation (code 9365) to ETRS89 as realized through OSNet v2009 CORS.

Created in 2020 to support intermediate CRS “TPEN11-IRF” in the emulation of the combined TPEN11 Snake and TPEN11ext Snake map projections.

Tahaa 54

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Bora Bora, Huahine, Raiatea and Tahaa.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAHAA_54)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6629')

Fundamental point: Tahaa East Base. Latitude: 16°33’20.97”S, longitude: 151°29’06.25”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

Tahaa SAU 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Tahaa.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAHAA_SAU_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5201')

Fundamental benchmark: RN16

Included as part of NGPF - see datum code 5195.

Tahiti 52

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Moorea and Tahiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAHITI_52)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6628')

Fundamental point: Tahiti North Base. Latitude: 17°38’10.0”S, longitude: 149°36’57.8”W (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Tahiti 79 (datum code 6690) in Tahiti and Moorea 87 (code 6691) in Moorea.

Tahiti 79

Type: Geodetic
Extent: French Polynesia - Society Islands - Tahiti.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAHITI_79)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6690')

Fundamental point: Tahiti North Base. Latitude: 17°38’10.0”S, longitude: 149°36’57.8”W (of Greenwich).

Replaces Tahiti 52 (datum code 6628) in Tahiti. Replaced by RGPF (datum code 6687).

Taiwan Datum 1967

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Taiwan, Republic of China - onshore - Taiwan Island, Penghu (Pescadores) Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAIWAN_DATUM_1967)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1025')

Fundamental point: Hu Tzu Shan. Latitude: 23°58’32.34”N, longitude: 120°58’25.975”E (of Greenwich).

Adopted in 1980. TWD67 uses the GRS 1967 ellipsoid but with 1/f to exactly 2 decimal places.

Taiwan Datum 1997

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Taiwan, Republic of China - onshore and offshore - Taiwan Island, Penghu (Pescadores) Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAIWAN_DATUM_1997)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1026')

ITRF94 at epoch 1997.0

Adopted in 1998.

Taiwan Vertical Datum 2001

Type: Vertical
Extent: Taiwan, Republic of China - onshore - Taiwan Island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAIWAN_VERTICAL_DATUM_2001)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1224')

Mean Sea Level at Keelung between 1957 and 1991.

Orthometric heights.

Tananarive 1925

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Madagascar - onshore and nearshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TANANARIVE_1925)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6297')

Fundamental point: Tananarive observatory. Latitude: 18°55’02.10”S, longitude: 47°33’06.75”E (of Greenwich).

Tananarive 1925 (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Madagascar - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TANANARIVE_1925_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6810')

Fundamental point: Tananarive observatory. Latitude: 21.0191667g S, longitude: 50.23849537g E (of Paris)

Tapi Aike

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Argentina - Santa Cruz province south of approximately 50°20’S.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TAPI_AIKE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1257')

Replaced by Campo Inchauspe (code 6221) for topographic mapping, use for oil exploration and production continues.

Taranaki 1970

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Taranaki vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TARANAKI_1970)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5167')

MSL at Taranaki harbour 1918-1921.

Tararu 1952

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Tararu vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TARARU_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5166')

MSL at Tararu Point 1922-1923.

Tenerife

Type: Vertical
Extent: Spain - Canary Islands - Tenerife onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TENERIFE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1281')

Mean Sea Level at Santa Cruz de Tenerife harbour between 1960 and 1970.

Orthometric heights.

Tern Island 1961

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United States (USA) - Hawaii - Tern Island and Sorel Atoll.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TERN_ISLAND_1961)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6707')

Fundamental point: station FRIG on tern island, station B4 on Sorol Atoll.

Two independent astronomic determinations considered to be consistent through adoption of common transformation to WGS 84 (see tfm code 15795).

Tete

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Mozambique - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TETE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6127')

Fundamental point: Tete.

Timbalai 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Brunei - onshore and offshore; Malaysia - East Malaysia (Sabah; Sarawak) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TIMBALAI_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6298')

Fundamental point: Station P85 at Timbalai. Latitude: 5°17’ 3.548”N, longitude: 115°10’56.409”E (of Greenwich).

In 1968, the original adjustment was densified in Sarawak and extended to Sabah.

Tokyo

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - onshore; North Korea - onshore; South Korea - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TOKYO)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6301')

Fundamental point: Nikon-Keido-Genten. Latitude: 35°39’17.5148”N, longitude: 139°44’40.5020”E (of Greenwich). Longitude derived in 1918.

In Japan, replaces Tokyo 1892 (code 1048) and replaced by Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000 (code 6611). In Korea used only for geodetic applications before being replaced by Korean 1985 (code 6162).

Tokyo 1892

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Japan - onshore; North Korea - onshore; South Korea - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TOKYO_1892)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1048')

Fundamental point: Nikon-Keido-Genten. Latitude: 35°39’17.5148”N, longitude: 139°44’30.0970”E (of Greenwich). Longitude derived in 1892.

Extended from Japan to Korea in 1898. In Japan replaced by Tokyo 1918 (datum code 6301). In South Korea replaced by Tokyo 1918 (code 6301) only for geodetic purposes; for all other purposes replaced by Korean 1985 (code 6162).

Tonga Geodetic Datum 2005

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Tonga - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TONGA_GEODETIC_DATUM_2005)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1095')

Based on ITRF2000 at epoch 2005.0

Trieste

Type: Vertical
Extent: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia - onshore; Kosovo; Montenegro - onshore; North Macedonia; Serbia; Slovenia - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TRIESTE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1050')

Reference point HM1(BV1)-Trieste defined relative to mean sea level at Trieste in 1875.

Normal-orthometric heights. In Croatia replaced by HVRS71 (datum code 5207).

Trinidad 1903

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TRINIDAD_1903)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6302')

Station 00, Harbour Master’s Flagstaff, Port of Spain.

Trinidad 1903 / Trinidad Grid coordinates (Clarke’s links): 333604.30 E, 436366.91 N (Latitude: 10°38’39.01”N, Longitude: 61°30’38.00”W of Greenwich)

Tristan 1968

Type: Geodetic
Extent: St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - Tristan da Cunha island group including Tristan, Inaccessible, Nightingale, Middle and Stoltenhoff Islands.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TRISTAN_1968)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6734')

Trucial Coast 1948

Type: Geodetic
Extent: United Arab Emirates (UAE) - Abu Dhabi onshore and Dubai onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TRUCIAL_COAST_1948)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6303')

Fundamental point: TC1. Latitude: 25°23’50.190”N, longitude: 55°26’43.950”E (of Greenwich).

Turkish National Reference Frame

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Türkiye (Turkey) - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TURKISH_NATIONAL_REFERENCE_FRAME)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1057')

ITRF96 at epoch 2005.0

Tutuila Vertical Datum of 1962

Type: Vertical
Extent: American Samoa - Tutuila island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_TUTUILA_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_1962)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1121')

Mean sea level at Pago Pago harbor, Tutuila, over 10 years 1949-1955 and 1957-1959. Benchmark NO 2 1948 = 7.67ftUS.

Replaced by American Samoa Vertical Datum of 2002 (datum code 1125).

Ukraine 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Ukraine - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_UKRAINE_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1077')

Orientation and scale constrained to be same as ITRF2000 at epoch 2005.0. Position is minimised deviation between reference ellipsoid and quasigeoid in territory of Ukraine.

Vanua Levu 1915

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Fiji - Vanua Levu and Taveuni.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VANUA_LEVU_1915)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6748')

Latitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Numuiloa = 16°23’38.36”S, longitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Suva = 178°25’35.835”E.

For topographic mapping, replaced by Fiji 1956. For other purposes, replaced by Fiji 1986.

Vientiane 1982

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Laos.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VIENTIANE_1982)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6676')

Fundamental point: Vientiane (Nongteng) Astro Pillar. Latitude: 18°01’31.6301”N, longitude: 102°30’56.6999”E (of Greenwich).

Replaced by Lao 1993.

Vietnam 2000

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Vietnam - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VIETNAM_2000)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6756')

Point N00, located in the premises of the Land Administration Research Institute, Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi.

Replaces Hanoi 1972.

Virgin Islands Vertical Datum of 2009

Type: Vertical
Extent: US Virgin Islands - onshore - St Croix, St John, and St Thomas.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VIRGIN_ISLANDS_VERTICAL_DATUM_OF_2009)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1124')

Mean sea level for National Tidal Datum Epoch 1983–2001 at (i) Lime Tree Bay, St. Croix (BM 9751401 M = 3.111m) , (ii) Lameshur Bay, St. John (BM 9751381 TIDAL A = 1.077m) , and (iii) Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas (BM 9751639 F = 1.552m).

Replaces all earlier vertical datums on these islands.

Viti Levu 1912

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Fiji - Viti Levu island.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VITI_LEVU_1912)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6752')

Latitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Monavatu = 17°53’28.285”S, longitude origin was obtained astronomically at station Suva = 178°25’35.835”E.

For topographic mapping, replaced by Fiji 1956. For other purposes, replaced by Fiji 1986.

Voirol 1875

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Algeria - onshore north of 32°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VOIROL_1875)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6304')

Fundamental point: Voirol. Latitude: 36°45’07.927”N, longitude: 3°02’49.435”E of Greenwich. Uses RGS (and old IGN) value of 2°20’13.95”for Greenwich-Paris meridian difference.

Replaced by Voirol 1879 (code 6671).

Voirol 1875 (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Algeria - onshore north of 32°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VOIROL_1875_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6811')

Fundamental point: Voirol. Latitude: 40.83578 grads N, longitude: 0.78873 grads E (of Paris).

Voirol 1879

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Algeria - onshore north of 32°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VOIROL_1879)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6671')

Fundamental point: Voirol. Latitude: 36°45’08.199”N, longitude: 3°02’49.435”E (of Greenwich). Uses RGS (and old IGN) value of 2°20’13.95”for Greenwich-Paris meridian difference.

Replaces Voirol 1875 (code 6304).

Voirol 1879 (Paris)

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Algeria - onshore north of 32°N.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_VOIROL_1879_PARIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6821')

Fundamental point: Voirol. Latitude: 40.835864 grads N, longitude: 0.788735 grads E (of Paris).

Replaces Voirol 1875 (Paris) (code 6811).

WGS 72 Transit Broadcast Ephemeris

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WGS_72_TRANSIT_BROADCAST_EPHEMERIS)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6324')

Alleged datum for use with Transit broadcast ephemeris prior to 1989. Relationship to WGS 72 has changed over time.

Waitangi (Chatham Island) 1959

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - Chatham Island - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WAITANGI_CHATHAM_ISLAND_1959)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5169')

MSL at Waitangi harbour collected in 1959.

Wake Island 1952

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Wake atoll - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WAKE_ISLAND_1952)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6733')

Wellington 1953

Type: Vertical
Extent: New Zealand - North Island - Wellington vertical CRS area.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WELLINGTON_1953)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5168')

MSL at Wellington harbour 1909-1946.

Wiener Null

Type: Vertical
Extent: Austria - Vienna city state.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WIENER_NULL)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1267')

Historic benchmark on the Schwedenbrücke over an artificial channel of River Danube (Donaukanal) with GHA height of 156.680m.

World Geodetic System 1966

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1966)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6760')

Developed from a worldwide distribution of terrestrial and geodetic satellite observations and defined through a set of station coordinates.

A worldwide 5° × 5° mean free air gravity anomaly field provided the basic data for producing the WGS 66 gravimetric geoid. Replaced by WGS 72.

World Geodetic System 1972

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1972)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6322')

Developed from a worldwide distribution of terrestrial and geodetic satellite observations and defined through a set of station coordinates.

Used by GPS before 1987. For Transit satellite positioning see also WGS 72BE.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G1150)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1154')

Defined through coordinates of 17 GPS tracking stations adjusted to a subset of 49 IGS stations. Observations made in February 2001. The reference epoch for ITRF2000 is 1997.0; station coordinates were transformed to 2001.0 using IERS station velocities.

Replaces World Geodetic System 1984 (G873) from 2002-01-20. Replaced by World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674) from 2012-02-08.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G1674)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1155')

Defined through coordinates of 15 GPS tracking stations adjusted to a subset of IGS stations at epoch 2005.0. The IGS station coordinates are considered to be equivalent to ITRF2008.

Replaces World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150) from 2012-02-08. Replaced by World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762) from 2013-10-16.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G1762)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1156')

Defined through coordinates of 19 GPS tracking stations adjusted to a subset of IGb08 stations at epoch 2005.0 using observations made in May 2013. The IGb08 coordinates are considered to be equivalent to ITRF2008.

Replaces WGS 84 (G1674) from 2013-10-16. Frame was redesignated WGS 84 (G1762’) after coordinates of 7 NGA tracking stations were changed following station moves and antenna updates 2014-08 to 2015-06. Replaced by WGS 84 (G2139) from 2021-01-03.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G2139)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1309')

Defined through coordinates of 19 GPS tracking stations aligned with a subset of IGb14 stations at epoch 2016.0. The IGb14 station coordinates are considered to be equivalent to ITRF2014.

Replaces World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762) from 2021-01-03. Tracking station coordinate changes on 2021-03-28 when NGA implemented IGS definition of antenna phase centre offset.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G730)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1152')

Defined through coordinates of 10 GPS tracking stations adjusted to a subset of ITRF92 stations at epoch 1994.0. The reference epoch for ITRF92 is 1988.0; the ITRF92 station coordinates were transformed to 1994.0 using the NNR-NUVEL1 plate motion model.

Replaces the original Transit-derived World Geodetic System 1984 from 1994-06-29. Replaced by World Geodetic System 1984 (G873) from 1997-01-29.

World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_G873)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1153')

Defined through coordinates of 13 GPS tracking stations adjusted to a subset of ITRF94 stations at epoch 1997.0. The reference epoch for the adjustment was 1994.0 and the coordinates were propagated to 1997.0 using the NNR-NUVEL-1A plate motion model.

Replaces World Geodetic System 1984 (G730) from 1997-01-29. Replaced by World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150) from 2002-01-20.

World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)

Type: Dynamic geodetic
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_TRANSIT)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::1166')

Defined through coordinates of 5 GPS tracking stations in the Transit doppler positioning NSWC 9Z-2 reference frame transformed to be aligned to the BIH Conventional Terrestrial Reference Frame (BTS) at epoch 1984.0.

The NSWC 9Z-2 origin shifted by -4.5 m along the Z-axis, scale changed by -0.6 x 10E-6 and the reference meridian rotated westward by 0.814” to be aligned to the BTS at epoch 1984.0. Replaced by World Geodetic System 1984 (G730) from 1994-06-29.

World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble

Type: Ensemble
Extent: World.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_WORLD_GEODETIC_SYSTEM_1984_ENSEMBLE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6326')

EPSG::6326 has been the then current realization. No distinction is made between the original and subsequent (G730, G873, G1150, G1674, G1762 and G2139) WGS 84 frames. Since 1997, WGS 84 has been maintained within 10cm of the then current ITRF.

Xian 1980

Type: Geodetic
Extent: China - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_XIAN_1980)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6610')

Xian observatory.

Yacare

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Uruguay - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_YACARE)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6309')

Fundamental point: Yacare. Latitude: 30°35’53.68”S, longitude: 57°25’01.30”W (of Greenwich).

Yellow Sea 1956

Type: Vertical
Extent: China - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_YELLOW_SEA_1956)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5104')

2 years tide readings at Qingdao.

Replaced by Yellow Sea 1985 datum.

Yellow Sea 1985

Type: Vertical
Extent: China - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_YELLOW_SEA_1985)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::5137')

20 years tide readings at Qingdao.

Replaces Yellow Sea 1956 datum.

Yemen National Geodetic Network 1996

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Yemen - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_YEMEN_NATIONAL_GEODETIC_NETWORK_1996)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6163')

Sana’a IGN reference marker.

Yoff

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Senegal - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_YOFF)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6310')

Fundamental point: Yoff. Latitude: 14°44’41.62”N, longitude: 17°29’07.02”W (of Greenwich).

Zanderij

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Suriname - onshore and offshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_ZANDERIJ)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6311')

Fk89

Type: Geodetic
Extent: Faroe Islands - onshore.
Datum::fromSRID(Datum::EPSG_FK89)
Datum::fromSRID('urn:ogc:def:datum:EPSG::6753')

Replaces FD54 for cadastre.